| A | B |
|---|
| Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) | English political philosopher who wrote Leviathan |
| Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) | Viewed human beings as naturally self-centered and prone to violence |
| Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) | Feared the dangers of anarchy more than the dangers of tyranny |
| Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) | Argued that monarchs have absolute and unlimited political authority |
| John Locke (1632-1704) | English philosopher who wrote The Second Treatise of Government |
| John Locke (1632-1704) | Viewed humans as basically rational beings who learn from experience |
| John Locke (1632-1704) | Formulated the theory of natural rights, arguing that people are born with basic rights to "life, liberty, and property" |
| John Locke (1632-1704) | Insisted that governments are formed to protect natural rights |
| John Locke (1632-1704) | Stated that the governed have a right to rebel against rulers who violate natural rights |
| Voltaire (1694-1778) | French philosophe and voluminous author of essays and letters |
| Voltaire (1694-1778) | Championed the enlightened principles of reason, progress, toleration, and individual liberty |
| Voltaire (1694-1778) | Opposed superstition, intolerance, and ignorance |
| Voltaire (1694-1778) | Criticized organized religion for perpetuating superstition and intolerance |
| Jean-Jacques Rosseau (1712-1778) | Enlightened thinker best known for writing The Social Contract and Emile |
| Jean-Jacques Rosseau (1712-1778) | believed that since "law is the expression of the general will," the state is based on a social contract |
| Jean-Jacques Rosseau (1712-1778) | emphasized the education of the whole person for citizenship |
| Jean-Jacques Rosseau (1712-1778) | rejected excessive rationalism and stressed emotions, thus anticipating the romantic movement |
| Adam Smith (1723-1790 | Scottish economist who wrote An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations |
| Adam Smith (1723-1790) | Opposed mercantilist policies |
| Adam Smith (172301790) | advocated free trade and "the invisible Hand of competition" |
| Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) | British writer, philosopher, and feminist who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman |
| Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) | Argued that women are not naturally inferior to men |
| Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) | Maintained that women deserve the same fundamental rights as men |
| Edmund Burke (1729-1797) | English conservative leader who wrote Reflections on the Revolution in France |
| Edmund Burke (1729-1797) | Denounced the radicalism and violence of the French Revolution |
| Edmund Burke (1729-1797) | Favored gradual and orderly change |
