| A | B |
|---|
| Henry IV | One of the founders of French Absolutism. •United the French people through changing taxes, administration policies, and electing a “freedom of religion” policy through the Edict of Nantes, and the selection of a protestant chief minister. |
| Cardinal Richelieu | Set in motion the cornerstone of French Absolutism by adopting policies that called for the total subordination of all groups and institutions to the French Monarchy, in particular the aristocracy/nobility. •Developed foreign policy that aimed to annihilate the Habsburg dynasty that ultimately pulled France into the Thirty Year’s War. •Established a school that aimed at creating a unified French language. •Developed raison de’etat (reason of state) that became cornerstone of French government |
| Absolute monarchy | Is a stage in the evolution of modern state between medieval feudal monarchies and the constitutional governments of recent centuries |
| Divine Right | Kings legitimized power by claiming that God put them there. Were able to alter balance of power from feudal lords and religious leaders to the monarchs and individual states. |
| Palace of Versailles | Initially built by Louis XII to get away from his wife, Louis XIV used a diplomatic center by adding on extravagant wings and requiring his council to live there at least half of the year. |
| Mercantilism | A collection of governmental policies for the regulation of economic activities, especially commercial activities, by and for the state. •Adopted by Colbert in an attempt of solving the financial problems France was facing. |
| Enlightenment | period of time when the ability to reason was glorified |
| Capitalism | economic system in which indivisuals own the means of production |
| Nationalism | idea of having pride in one's nation |
| Sphere of Influence | idea of controling territory or indivisuals by passive or direct means |
| Cabinet | group of appointed people to assist in government functions |
| Congress of Vienna | 1st European body of countries to maintain a balance of power |
| Isaac Newton | inventor of calculus; laws of gravity and motion |
| Glorious Revolution | a changing of English monarchs without a war |
| National Assembly | represenative body in France |
| Social Contract | an agreement from the consent of the governed |
| George Washington | general of the Continental Army |
| Bourgeoisie | French word meaning "middle class" |
| Reign of Terror | period of anarchy during French Revolution |
| Coup'd'etat | to overthown government or authority |
| Karl Marx | author of Communist Manifesto; father of Communism |
| Guillotine | machine used to exeucute prisoners |
| Napoleon | general of French army; 1st dictator |
| Czar | king of Russia; Russian translation of Ceasar |
| Divine Right of Kings | theory which says kings power only from God not his subjects |
| Oliver Cromwell | leader of English Parliament during Civil War; Lord Protector of Commonwealth |
| Age of Reason | also know a Enlightenment |
| Decartes | creator of laws of Geometry |
| Francis Bacon | creator of scientific method |
