| A | B |
|---|
| Socialism | The advocation of collectivist principles to the entire economy. |
| New Deal | Name for the Administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933-1945) who sought to spend the US and regulate the economy out of the Great Depression. |
| Claude Henri Saint-Simon | !760-1825) Founder of French Socialism, He argued that capitalism made profitsw far beyond their own productivity. |
| Robert Owen | 1771-1858 Social reform who established a model community. Concerned about conditions during the Industrial Revolution. |
| Charles Fourier | 1772-1837 Critic of capitalism but also opposed traditional institutions of society. |
| Karl Marx | 1818-1883 Believed that society is based on economics and control of the means of production. Human history went through stages based on what social classes controlled the means of production in society. |
| Friedrich Engels | 1820-1895, Liflong collaborator with Karl Marx. Together they wrote Das Capital |
| Georg Hegel | 1770-1831, Change motivated by dialtectic conflict was the central theme. He saw history as constantly improving from one generation to the next. |
| Dialectic Materialism | Theory of history basis of belief for Marx and his followers. Belief that hsitory went through several stages one was a progression from the other. |
| Franqois Noel Babeuf | He is considered the first socialist. Felt that the French revolution would fall short of its goals and advocated a second revolution. He was killed during the Reign of Terror |
| Friedrich Engels | He was the wealthy son of a Prussian industrial family. He was a cowriter and financial benefactor of Karl Marx. |
| Economic Determinism | Marx's idea that the primary human motivation is economics. |
| Proletariat | Industrial working class who Marx argued would make a socialist revolution |
| Three Components of Self-Alienation | Marx argued workers became alienated due to three factors: Lack of self creativity;capitalists must exploit their workers;capitalism with its stress on automation treats workers like feeders of machines. |
| Imperialism | Lenin developed what aspect that became central to Marxist-Leninist Thought |
| Karl Kautsky | Leader of Orthodox Marxists after Engels' death. Believed in Marx's idea of revolution. |
| Eduard Bernstein | Founder of Revisionist school of socialist theory. Believed that people could come to accept socialism without a revolution. |
| Vladimir Lenin | Follower of Marx, led the Russian Revolution. Formulated the idea of imperialism in Marxist theory. |
| Vanguard of the proletariat | The elite in Lenin's thought who were going to lead the revolution. |
| Imperialism | The exploitation of labor and resources in the rest of the world by the more developed states. Lenin argued that this was used to buy off the working classes in the developed countries but eventually rivalries would lead to war. |
| New Economic Policy | Lenin's Attempt to bring about economic reform in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution. |
| Joseph Stalin | After Lenin's death he gained control of the Soviet Union and engaged in creating a cult of personality. He developed the Soviet Union into an industrial power at a great cost. |
| Leon Trotsky | Stalin's rival who had killed while in exile. He built the Red Army during the Russian Revolution. |
| Nikita Khrushchev | The Soviet leader who followed Stalin and discredited many of his policies. He advocated the idea of peaceful coexistence with the West. |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | He became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He attempted to reform the Soviet Union but his attempt at reform led to the collapse of the USSR |
| Leonid Brezhnev | The leader who came after Khruschev. Under his tenure the Soviet union stagnated economically. |
| Perestroika | Gorbachev's attempt at economic restructuring in the Soviet Union |
| Glasnost | One of Gorbachev's reforms to encourage dialogue on economic change. It ultimately led to calls for the replacement of the Soviet system. |
