| A | B |
|---|
| Energy | ability to cause change |
| Kinetic energy | energy of an object due to motion |
| Potential energy | energy of an object due to its position, condition, or chemical composition |
| Sound energy | kinetic energy caused by the vibration of particles in a medium |
| Electromagnetic energy | energy transmitted through space in the form of electomagnetic waves; caused by vibrations of electrically charged particles |
| Electrical energy | energy that results from the movement of negatively charged particles |
| Chemical energy | potential energy caused by the arrangement of chemical bonds between atoms |
| Thermal energy | total kinetic energy of all particles in a substance |
| Nuclear energy | energy created when the nucleus of an atom breaks apart or combines with another nucleus |
| Mechanical energy | energy possessed by an object due to its motion and position; potential and kinetic energy combined |
| Energy transformation | takes place when energy changes from one form to another form |
| Law of conservation of energy | law stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it changes forms |
| Gravitational potential | potential energy caused by an objects position above the ground |
| Kinetic theory of matter | theory that states that all of the particles that make up matter are constantl in motion |
| Temperature | measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object |
| Degree | equally spaced units between two points on a temperature scale |
| Thermometer | tool used to measure temperature |
| Kelvin scale | temperature scale based on the idea of absolute zero |
| Celsius scale | temperature scale based on the boiling and freezing points of water |
| Fahrenheit scale | temperature scale most commonly used in the US |
| Absolute zero | temperature at which the motion of particles stops |
| Heat | energy transfer from an object at a higher temperature to an object as a lower temperature |
| Calorie | measurement of heat; equal to the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 C |
| Conduction | transfer of energy as heat from one substance to another through direct contact |
| Conductor | material that transfers heat very well |
| Insulator | material that is a poor conductor of heat |
| Convection | transfer of energy as heat by the movement of a liquid or gas |
| Radiation | transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
| Convection current | circular patterns of a liquid or gas due to differences in density and temperatures |
| Renewable resources | energy source that can be easily reproduced or replaced by nature |
| Nonrenewable resources | energy source that cannot be produced, grown, or restored as fast as it is used |
| Fossil fuel | energy resources made from carbon rich plan and animal remains |
| Petroleum | energy resource created from the remains of single-celled aquatic organisms that lived long ago; used to make fuels like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel |
| Hydroelectric | energy created from water flowing over a turbine; renewable |
| Solar | energy that converts the sun's radiation into electrical energy; renewable |
| Geothermal | energy pulled from deep in earth to heat things; renewable |
| Biomass | includes living or recently dead organic material that is used as fuel |
| Aquatic | lives in water |
| Terrestrial | lives on land |
