| A | B |
| ἡμέρᾱ, ἡμέρᾱς, ἡ | day |
| χρόνος, χρόνου, ὁ | time |
| βασιλεύς, βασιλέως, ὁ | king |
| γονεύς, γονέως, ὁ | parent |
| ἱππεύς, ἱππέως, ὁ | horseman, cavalryman, knight |
| νύξ, νυκτός, ἡ | night |
| ____, ἑαυτοῦ / αὑτοῦ | [refl. pron.] himself, herself, itself; themselves |
| ____, ἐμαυτοῦ | [refl. pron.] myself |
| ____, ἡμῶν αὐτῶν | [refl. pron.] ourselves |
| ____, σεαυτοῦ / σαυτοῦ | [refl. pron.] yourself |
| ____, σφῶν αὐτῶν | [refl. pron.] themselves |
| ____, ὑμῶν αὐτῶν | [refl. pron.] yourselves |
| αἰσθάνομαι, αἰσθήσομαι, ᾐσθόμην, ____, ᾔσθημαι, ____ | perceive |
| διαφέρω, διοίσω, διήνεγκα / διήνεγκον, διενήνοχα, διενήνεγμαι, διηνέχθην | carry through; [INTRANS.] differ; excel |
| δύναμαι, δυνήσομαι, ____,____, δεδύνημαι, ἐδυνήθην | be powerful; be able |
| ἐπαινέω, ἐπαινέσω / ἐπαινέσομαι, ἐπῄνεσα, ἐπῄνεκα, ἐπῄνημαι, ἐπῃνέθην | praise, commend |
| ἐπίσταμαι, ἐπιστήσομαι, ____, ____, ____, ἠπιστήθην | know |
| κρίνω, κρινῶ, ἔκρῑνα, κέκρικα, κέκριμαι, ἐκρίθην | distinguish; judge; decide |
| σῴζω, σώσω, ἔσωσα, σέσωκα, σέσω(σ)μαι, ἐσώθην | save, preserve; [MIDDLE] keep or preserve for oneself |
| θεῖος, θείᾱ, θεῖον | divine; excellent |
| ἴδιος, ἰδίᾱ, ἴδιον | private; one's own; peculiar |
| σφέτερος, σφετέρᾱ, σφέτερον | their own |
| δημοσίᾳ | [adv.] at public expense; publicly, in public |
| ἤ | [conj.] than |
| ἤδη | [adv.] already, by this time; now; presently |
| ἰδίᾳ | [adv.] privately |
| μάλα | [adv.] very; very much; exceedingly |
| μάλιστα | [adv.] (superl.) most, especially; (in replies) yes |
| μᾶλλον | [adv.] (comp.) more; rather |
| πάλαι | [adv.] long ago; long since |
| πρῶτον | [adv.] first |
| ἐπιστήμη, ἐπιστήμης, ἡ | knowledge |
| ὀργή, ὀργῆς, ἡ | temperament; anger |
| δῶρον, δώρου, τό | gift |
| ἵππος, ἵππου, ὁ or ἡ | horse; mare |
| τεκμήριον, τεκμηρίου, τό | sure sign; proof |
| μέρος, μέρους, τό | part, portion, lot |
| πατρίς, πατρίδος, ἡ | homeland |
| χείρ, χειρός / χερός, ἡ | hand |
| ἀπόλλῡμι, ἀπολῶ, ἀπώλεσα (trans.) / ἀπωλόμην (intrans.), ἀπολώλεκα (trans.) / ἀπόλωλα (intrans.), ____, ____ | lose; destroy; [MIDDLE or INTRANS.] perish |
| δείκνῡμι, δείξω, ἔδειξα, δέδειχα, δέδειγμαι, ἐδείχθην | show, point out; prove |
| ἐπιδείκνῡμι, ἐπιδείξω, ἐπέδειξα, ἐπιδέδειχα, ἐπιδέδειγμαι, ἐπεδείχθην | show; [MIDDLE] display (something of one's own or for oneself) |
| δοκέω, δόξω, ἔδοξα, ____, δέδογμαι, ____ | think; seem; [IMPERSONAL] it seems best |
| ἔοικα | be like, seem; [IMPERSONAL] it is likely; it is fitting; it seems |
| κελεύω, κελεύσω, ἐκέλευσα, κεκέλευκα, κεκέλευσμαι, ἐκελεύσθην | order, command |
| παρέχω, παρέξω / παρασχήσω, παρέσχον, παρέσχηκα, παρέσχημαι, ____ | provide, present, offer; [MIDDLE] supply |
| τυγχάνω, τεύξομαι, ἔτυχον, τετύχηκα, ____, ____ | happen (to); hit upon, meet (+ gen.); obtain (+ gen.) |
| χράομαι, χρήσομαι, ἐχρησάμην, ____, κέχρημαι, ____ | use (+ dat.); experience, be subject to (+ dat.); treat (+ dat.) |
| ἀντί | [prep. + gen.] instead of; in return for |
| ἅτε | [particle] (with causal participle) since, because (cause represented as actual or factual) |
| ἔπειτα | [adv.] then |
| καίπερ | [particle] (with concessive participle) although |
| οἷα | [particle] (with causal participle) since, because (cause represented as actual or factual) |
| ὅμωσ | [adv.] nevertheless |
| ὡς | [particle] (with causal participle) on the ground(s) that, apparently because, as though; (with future circumstantial participle) in order to, intending to (cause understood to be a thought or assertion--not factual) |
| εἰκότως | [adv.] fittingly |
| πολῑτείᾱ, πολῑτείᾱς, ἡ | civil life; government, administration; constitution |
| φιλίᾱ, φιλίᾱς, ἡ | friendship |
| φιλοσοφίᾱ, φιλοσοφίᾱς, ἡ | philosophy |
| οἶνος, οἴνου, ὁ | wine |
| ὄνομα, ὀνόματος, τό | name |
| πρέσβυς, πρέσβεως, ὁ | old man; ambassador |
| αἱρέω, αἱρήσω, εἷλον, ᾕρηκα, ᾕρημαι, ᾑρέθην | take, seize, capture; [MIDDLE] choose; [PASSIVE] be chosen |
| βουλεύω, βουλεύσω, ἐβούλευσα, βεβούλευκα, βεβούλευμαι, ἐβουλεύθην | advise; plan; resolve; [MIDDLE] deliberate |
| καλέω, καλῶ, ἐκάλεσα, κέκληκα, κέκλημαι, ἐκλήθην | call, summon; name |
| λείπω, λείψω, ἔλιπον, λέλοιπα, λέλειμμαι, ἐλείφθην | leave (behind); [ACT. or PASS.] be lacking |
| νομίζω, νομιῶ, ἐνόμισα, νενόμικα, νενόμισμαι, ἐνομίσθην | practice customarily; consider, believe (in); expect |
| συμφέρω, συνοίσω, συνήνεγκα / συνήνεγκον, συνενήνοχα, συνενήνεγμαι, συνηνέχθην | bring together; (intrans.) fit, benefit, be useful; (impers.) it is useful, it is fitting |
| συμφέρον, συμφέροντος, τό | use, profit, advantage |
| φαίνω, φανῶ, ἔφηνα, πέφηνα, πέφασμαι, ἐφάνην | bring to light, show; [MIDDLE, PERF. ACT., FUT. PASS, or AOR. PASS.] appear (+ inf.); be evident (+ suppl. part.) |
| ἄξιος, ἀξίᾱ, ἄξιον | worth; worthy |
| ἀνάξιος, ἀνάξιον | unworthy |
| δυνατός, δυνατή, δυνατόν | able; possible |
| ἀδύνατος, ἀδύνατον | unable; impossible |
| ἱκανός, ἱκανή, ἱκανόν | sufficient; capable |
| φανερός, φανερά, φανερόν | visible, evident, conspicuous |
| φιλόσοφος, φιλόσοφον | loving wisdom, philosophic; (masc. subst.) philosopher |
| βραχύς, βραχεῖα, βραχύ | short; brief |
| ἡδύς, ἡδεῖα, ἡδύ | sweet, pleasant |
| θρασύς, θρασεῖα, θρασύ | bold, confident; rash, arrogant |
| ταχύς, ταχεῖα, ταχύ | swift, fast |
| δή | [particle] (postpositive) (with commands and exhortations) now |
| ἐάν, ἤν, ἄν | [conj.] if |
| ἡδέως | [adv.] pleasantly; gladly |
| μέντοι | [particle] (postpositive) (affirming) certainly, in truth, of course; (adversative) however |
| νυν | [particle] (postpositive) (enclitic) (with commands and exhortations) then |
| ὅπως | [conj.] (introduces a clause of effort with future indicative) (see) that |
| φανερῶς | [adv.] openly, plainly |
| χαῖρε, χαίρετε | greetings, hello; farewell |
| πρεσβύτερος, πρεσβυτέρᾱ, πρεσβύτερον | elder; more important |
| πρεσβύτατος, πρεσβυτάτη, πρεσβύτατον | eldest; most important |
| ἐκκλησίᾱ, ἐκκλησίᾱς, ἡ | assembly |
| εὐδαιμονίᾱ, εὐδαιμονίᾱς, ἡ | good fortune; happiness |
| σπονδή, σπονδῆς, ἡ | drink offering, libation; pl., treaty, truce |
| τῑμή, τῑμῆς, ἡ | honor; reward |
| καιρός, καιροῦ, ὁ | (right) moment, critical time; opportunity |
| ἡγεμών, ἡγεμόνος, ὁ | leader, commander |
| ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅτι | [indef. rel. pron.] who(ever) / anyone who, what(ever) / which(ever) / anything that |
| ἀπέρχομαι, ____, ἀπῆλθον, ἀπελήλυθα, ____, ____ | go away, depart |
| εἶμι, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____ | go, come |
| ἄπειμι, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____ | go away, depart |
| εὑρίσκω, εὑρήσω, ηὗρον, ηὕρηκα, ηὕρημαι, ηὑρέθην | find; devise |
| ζητέω, ζητήσω, ἐζήτησα, ἐζήτηκα, ____, ____ | seek (for); investigate; demand |
| ἡγέομαι, ἡγήσομαι, ἡγησάμην, ____, ἥγημαι, ____ | lead, be the leader; regard, believe, think |
| κτάομαι, κτήσομαι, ἐκτησάμην, ____, κέκτημαι, ____ | acquire, get; [PERFECT] possess, have |
| πειράομαι, πειράσομαι, ἐπειρᾱσάμην, ____, πεπείρᾱμαι, ἐπειράθην | try; make a trial (of) (+ gen.) |
| φύω, φύσω, ἔφῡσα (trans.) / ἔφῡν (intrans.), πέφῡκα (intrans.), ____, ____ | produce; [MIDDLE or INTRANS.] be born; be (by nature) |
| ἀναγκαῖος, ἀναγκαίᾱ, ἀναγκαῖον | necessary |
| ἕτερος, ἑτέρᾱ, ἕτερον (sometimes θάτερος, θᾱτέρᾱ, θάτερον) | the other (of two); other, another |
| ὅμοιος, ὁμοίᾱ, ὅμοιον | similar, like |
| φαῦλος, φαύλη, φαῦλον | trivial; ordinary; poor, low; bad |
| δυστυχής, δυστυχές | unlucky, unfortunate |
| εὐτυχής, εὐτυχές | successful, fortunate |
| ἄν | [particle] with potential optative; used with past potential; used in the relative protases of some conditional sentences; may be used when ὡς or ὅπως introduces a purpose clause after primary tense verb |
| εἰ γάρ | (introduces a wish), if only, may |
| εἴθε | (introduces a wish), if only, may |
| ἕνεκα / ἕνεκεν | [prep. + gen.] on account of, for the sake of |
| ἐνταῦθα | (demonstr. adv.) here, there; then |
| καίτοι | [particle] and yet |
| ὁμοίως | (adv.) similarly, alike |
| θῡμός, θῡμοῦ, ὁ | spirit, heart; mind; passion, anger |
| κτῆμα, κτήματος, τό | possession, property |
| ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅτι | (indirect interrog. pron.) who, what |
| ἀποκρίνομαι, ἀποκρινοῦμαι, ἀπεκρῑνάμην, ____, ἀποκέκριμαι, ____ | answer, reply |
| γιγνώσκω, γνώσομαι, ἔγνων, ἔγνωκα, ἔγνωσμαι, ἐγνώσθην | perceive, come to know; recognize, know |
| δίδωμι, δώσω, ἔδωκα, δέδωκα, δέδομαι, ἐδόθην | give, grant; offer (δίκην / δίκᾱς διδόναι - to pay the penalty) |
| ἀποδίδωμι, ἀποδώσω, ἀπέδωκα, ἀποδέδωκα, ἀποδέδομαι, ἀπεδόθην | give back, pay; allow (+infin.); [MIDDLE] sell |
| ἐρωτάω | ask; ask about |
| κεῖμαι, κείσομαι, ____, ____, ____, ____ | be situated, lie; be supposed; (pres./imp. forms used for perf. pass./pluperf. pass. forms of τίθημι = have/has or had been placed) |
| τίθημι, θήσω, ἔθηκα, τέθηκα, τέθειμαι, ἐτέθην | put, place; make; [MIDDLE] place (for oneself), make (for oneself); [ACTIVE or MIDDLE] suppose |
| ὑποτίθημι, ὑποθήσω, ὑπέθηκα, ____, ____, ὑπετέθην | place under; set before; [ACTIVE or MIDDLE] suggest |
| φρονέω, φρονήσω, ἐφρόνησα, πεφρόνηκα, ____, ____ | have understanding, be wise; think; (μέγα φρονέω) be high minded, proud (in a good sense, often in a bad sense) |
| ὁποῖος, ὁποίᾱ, ὁποῖον | [indirect interrog. adv.] what sort of; [indef. rel. adv.] of whatever sort |
| ὁπόσος, ὁπόση, ὁπόσον | [indirect interrog. adv.] how great, how much, how many; [indef. rel. adv.] however great, however much, however many |
| ὁπότερος, ὁποτέρᾱ, ὁπότερον | [indirect interrog. adv.] which (of two); [indef. rel. adv.] whichever (of two) |
| ποῖος, ποίᾱ, ποῖον | what sort of |
| πόσος, πόση, πόσον | how great, how much, how many |
| πότερος, ποτέρᾱ, πότερον | which (of two); (πότερον...ἤ...) whether...or... |
| δεῦρο | hither, to here; here |
| εἰ | (introduces an indirect question) if, whether; (εἴτε...εἴτε...) whether...or... |
| ἵνα | (introduces a Purpose Clause) in order that |
| ὁπόθεν | [indirect interrog. adv.] from where; [indef. rel. adv.] from wherever |
| ὅποι | [indirect interrog. adv.] to where; [indef. rel. adv.] to wherever |
| ὁπότε | [indirect interrog. adv.] when; [indef. rel. adv.] whenever |
| ὅπου | [indirect interrog. adv.] where; [indef. rel. adv.] wherever |
| ὅπως | (introduces a Purpose Clause) in order that; [indirect interrog. adv.] how; [indef. rel. adv.] however |
| ὡς | (introduces a Purpose Clause) in order that |
| δημοκρατίᾱ, δημοκρατίᾱς, ἡ | democracy |
| τροπαῖον, τροπαίου, τό | trophy |
| ὄμμα, ὄμματος, τό | eye |
| πούς, ποδός, ὁ | foot |
| ἀφικνέομαι, ἀφίξομαι, ἀφῑκόμην, ____, ἀφῖγμαι, ____ | arrive (at), come (into); reach |
| βαίνω, βήσομαι, ἔβην, βέβηκα, ____, ____ | walk, step; go; [PERFECT] have gone; stand; be |
| βάλλω, βαλῶ, ἔβαλον, βέβληκα, βέβλημαι, ἐβλήθην | throw; hit, strike; put; [MIDDLE] put (for oneself) |
| ἐκβάλλω, ἐκβαλῶ, ἐξέβαλον, ἐκβέβληκα, ἐκβέβλημαι, ἐξεβλήθην | throw out |
| ἵστημι, στήσω, ἔστησα (trans.) / ἔστην (intrans.), ἕστηκα (intrans.), ____, ἐστάθην | make or cause to stand, set up; [MIDDLE or INTRANS.] stand; [PERFECT ACTIVE] be (standing) |
| καθίστημι, καταστήσω, κατέστησα (trans.) / κατέστην (intrans.), καθέστηκα (intrans.), ____, κατεστάθην | establish; appoint; put (into a state); [MIDDLE or INTRANS.] be established; be appointed; become; [PERFECT ACTIVE] be (in a state) |
| λανθάνω, λήσω, ἔλαθον, λέληθα, λέλησμαι, ____ | escape the notice of; [MIDDLE] forget |
| οἷος, οἵᾱ, οἷον | (exclam. adj.) what sort of; (rel. adj.) of which sort; οἷός τ' εἶναι = to be able |
| ὅσος, ὅση, ὅσον | (exclam. adj.) how great, how much, how many; (rel. adj.) (as great) as, (as much) as, (as many) as |
| τοιόσδε, τοιάδε, τοιόνδε | (demonstr. adj.) such (as this), of such a sort (as this) |
| τοιοῦτος, τοιαύτη, τοιοῦτον / τοιοῦτο | (demonstr. adj.) such, of such a sort |
| τοσόσδε, τοσήδε, τοσόνδε | (demonstr. adj.) so great (as this), so much (as this), so many (as this) |
| τοσοῦτος, τοσαύτη, τοσοῦτον / τοσοῦτο | (demonstr. adj.) so great, so much, so many |
| ἐπεί / ἐπειδή | after, when (+ ind. or opt.); since, because (causal) |
| ἐπειδάν | after, when, whenever (+ subjunct.) |
| ὅταν | when, whenever (+ subjunct.) |
| ὅτε | when, whenever (+ ind. or opt.) |
| ὡς | (exclam. adv.) how; (rel. adv.) as |
| ὥστε | (introduces a result clause) [actual] (so) that (+ ind.), [natural] (so) as (+ inf.); therefore |
| οὕτω(ς) ... ὡς ... | so ... as ... |
| τοιοῦτος / τοιόσδε ... οἷος ... | such ... as ... |
| τοσοῦτος / τοσόσδε ... ὅσος ... | as great / as much / as many ... as ... |
| ὅσῳ ... τοσούτῳ ... | the (more) ... the (more) ... |
| ἀπορίᾱ, ἀπορίᾱς, ἡ | (sing. or pl.) difficulty, perplexity; lack |
| νεκρός, νεκροῦ, ὁ | corpse; (pl.) (the) dead |
| ναῦς, νεώς, ἡ | ship |
| ____, ____, ἔδεισα, δέδοικα, ____, ____ | fear, be afraid (of); (perfect with present meaning) |
| ἐπιχειρέω, ἐπιχειρήσω, ἐπεχείρησα, ἐπικεχείρηκα, ____, ἐπεχειρήθην | attempt, try |
| ἵημι, ἥσω, ἧκα, -εἷκα, -εἷμαι, -εἵθην | release, let go; hurl; [MIDDLE] hasten; be eager |
| ἀφίημι, ἀφήσω, ἀφῆκα, ἀφεῖκα, ἀφεῖμαι, ἀφείθην | send away; release; neglect; [MIDDLE] let go (of) (+ gen.) |
| συνίημι, συνήσω, συνῆκα, ____, ____, ____ | throw together; perceive; understand |
| μῑσέω | hate |
| πίπτω, πεσοῦμαι, ἔπεσον, πέπτωκα, ____, ____ | fall |
| σκοπέω, σκέψομαι, ἐσκεψάμην, ____, ἔσκεμμαι, ____ | examine, consider |
| φοβέομαι, φοβήσομαι, ____, ____, πεφόβημαι, ἐφοβήθην | fear, be afraid (of) |
| ἔξεστι(ν), ἐξέσται, ____, ____, ____, ____ | (impersonal verb) it is possible |
| ἀμφότερος, ἀμφοτέρᾱ, ἀμφότερον | both |
| βέβαιος, (βεβαίᾱ), Βέβαιον | sure, certain, safe; steadfast |
| λοιπός, λοιπή, λοιπόν | remaining, rest |
| πιστός, πιστή, πιστόν | trustworthy, faithful |
| φοβερός, φοβερά, φοβερόν | fearful; terrible; afraid |
| ἑκών, ἑκοῦσα, ἑκόν | willing, ready |
| ἄκων, ἄκουσα, ἆκον | unwilling, involuntary |
| ἕως | (conj.) until; as long as, while |
| μέχρι | (conj.) until; as long as, while; [prep. + gen.] as far as, up to |
| μή | (conj.) that (introduces a fear clause) |
| πρίν | (conj.) before; until |
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