| A | B |
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| genetics | field of biology devoted to understanding how characertistics are transmitted from parents to offspring |
| heredity | transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring |
| trait | a genetically determined variant of a characteristic |
| flower color | example of a trait |
| pollination | happens when pollen grains produced in the male reproductive parts of a flower are transferred to the female parts of a flower |
| anther | male reproducdtive parts of a flower |
| stigma | female reproductive parts of a flower |
| self pollination | happens when pollen is transferred from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of either that flower or another flower on the same plant |
| cross-pollination | happens between flowers of two plants |
| true breeding | pure for a trait; always produce offspring with that trait when they self pollinate |
| P generation | true breeding parent |
| F1 generation | offspring of the P generation |
| F2 generation | when flower sfrom the F2 generation self-pollinate the next generation is called this |
| first filial generation | F1 generation |
| second filial generation | F2 generation |
| dominant | factor that masks, or dominates the other factor for the other trait in a pair |
| recessive | trait that did not appear in the F1 generation but reappeared in the F2 generation because it was masked by the dominant factor |
| law of segretation | when 2 gametes combine during fertilization the offspring have 2 factdors for each characteristic that that pair of facors is segregated during the formation of gametes |
| law of independent assortment | because the factors for individual characteristics are not connected, factors separate independently of one another during formation of gametes |
| molecular genetics | study of the structure and function of chromosomes & genes |
| allele | two or more alternative forms of a gene; Mendel's factors; letters represent these |
