| A | B |
|---|
| Biases | Conclusions formed based on the opinions of scientists performing experiments. |
| Control | The group in an experiment that does not receive the variable being tested |
| Data | Recorded observations and measurements |
| Dependent variable | The variable in an experiment that is the measurable outcome of the experiment; it can change in response to the variable being studied. |
| Hypothesis | A testable explanation to a scientific problem |
| Independent variable | The variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the scientist performing the experiment; it is the variable that is being tested |
| Experiment | A method of testing a hypothesis |
| Scientific method | A series of steps used to gather information and solve scientific problems |
| Theory | An explanation to a natural event that is supported by a large amount of scientific testing and data |
| Controlled variables/constants | Variable that are the same for all groups in a scientific experiment |
| One | A good experiment will only test _____ variable(s) at a time. |
| y | on a graph, the dependent variable is placed on the ____ axis. |
| x | on a graph, the independent variable is placed on the ____ axis. |
| Placebo | A fake variable that is substituted for the real variable in a scientific experiment. |
| Aspirin | In an experiment designed to test the effect of Aspirin on sleep patterns of men, what is the independent variable? |
| Microscope | Leuwenhoek developed the first simple ____; and viewed the first living cells. |
| Robert Hooke | This scientist used a compound light microscope to view cork; and cell the small empty spaces “cells” |
| one hand on the arm and one hand on the base | what is the proper way to carry a microscope? |
| Condenser/ diaphragm | On a microscope, this adjusts the amount light on the specimen |
| Objective | On a microscope, the lens closest to the specimen |
| ocular | On a microscope, the lens you look through |
| graduated Cylinder | Which type of glassware would accurately measure 25ml of water? |
| beaker | Which type of glassware could measure approximately 25ml of water? |
| graduated cylinder | To take the volume of an irregular solid, like a rock, what piece of glassware would you use? |
| away from you and others | The proper way to heat a test tube is--- |
| safety goggles | a safety device that should be worn at all times in the lab |
| tell your teacher | What should you do first if an accident occurs in the lab? |
| peer review | when scientists publish experimental research in a scientific journal they are allowing other scientist to review the research, validate the research, and use the research in the search for new information through additional research. This process is known as___ |
| Amino acids | Building blocks of proteins |
| Carbohydrates | A group of molecules made of C,H, and O in a ratio of 1:2:1 that includes Simple sugars and starches |
| Enzyme | A specialized protein that speeds up the rate of chemical reaction but is not changed by the reaction; it mostly breaks down molecules. |
| decrease | Enzymes are able to speed up chemical reactions because they cause a _____ in the activation energy of the reaction. |
| Glucose | A simple sugar produced by plants and used by all organisms to make ATP. |
| Lipid | A fat, oil, wax, or cholesterol |
| Monosaccharide | All simple sugars such as glucose and fructose |
| Nucleic acids | A group of molecules the store and carry genetic information; either DNA or RNA |
| Peptide bond | A bond that holds together amino acids |
| Protein | Complex molecules that regulate cell processes, transport substances in and out of the cell, and make up muscle, hair, skin, provide immunity |
| DNA | The function of this molecule is to store hereditary information in the form of genes |
| Protein synthesis | A process of making proteins |
| Saturated fat | A fatty acid that is found in solid fats at room temperature and contains only carbon to carbon singe bonds. |
| Substrate | The molecule that an enzyme breaks down |
| Unsaturated fat | A fatty acid that is found in liquid fats at room temperature and contains some carbon to carbon double bonds. |
| Atom | The basic building block of matter |
| Protons & neutrons | The Subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom are ____ and _____ |
| Electrons | Negatively charge particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom |
| Covalent | The atoms of water molecule share electrons. This is called _____ bonding. |
| Ionic | Bonding that involves a loss or gain of electrons and an attraction between charged atoms is called ____ bonding. |
| Polar | Water is a ___ molecule because it shares electron unequally. |
| dissolve | Because of water’s polarity, it has the ability to ______ many ionic compounds and other polar molecules. It is known as the universal solvent. |
| adhesion; capillary action | Water’s polarity creates a force of attraction between water and other substances, which is known as ____________. This property gives water the ability to climb up thin walls of stems in plants, which is known as ______. |
| cohesion; surface tension | Water’s polarity creates a force of attraction between water molecules known as ______________. This property creates a force attraction on the surface of water and causes water to form droplets, which is known as ______. |
| Carbon | Organic molecules all contain the element __. |
| Cellulose | The carbohydrate, polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants |
| Glycerol | A triglyceride fat is made of 3 fatty acid chains attached to a ______ backbone. |
| Deoxyribose | The sugar found in DNA |
| Ribose | The sugar found in RNA |
| Hydrogen bonds | Bonds between nitrogen bases that hold DNA molecules together |
| Sugars and phosphates | The sides of the DNA ladder are made of -- |
| Nitrogen bases | The steps of the DNA ladder are made of--- |
| Double helix | The shape of DNA is a-- |
| Watson and Crick | The scientists that discovered the structure of DNA are ___ and ___. |
| nucleotide | the small subunits that make up the larger molecules DNA and RNA |
| lipid | molecules used for long term energy storage |
| carbohydrate | molecule provides short term energy storage |
| cell tissue organ organ system organism | level of organization |
| diffusion | movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration |
| active transport | transport of molecules against a concentration gradient that will require the use of energy |
| chloroplast` | cell organelle found in plants taht uses sunlight to make organic molecules |
| concentration gradient | difference in concentration of solutes across a selectively permeable membrane |
| ER | cell organelle that acts as a cellular highway for transporting proteins and lipids |
| eukaryote | cell that has a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| meiosis | cell organelle that produces gametes |
| mitochondria | cell organelle that uses glucose to produce ATP; the powerhouse of the cell |
| mitosis | cell division that produces somatic cells; used for growth and repair of cellular tissues |
| osmosis | the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| passive | transport that does not require the use of energy |
| nucleus | cell organelle that is the control center of the cell;home of DNA |
| prokaryote | type of cell that does not have a true nucleus |
| phospholipid | the main molecule of the cell membrane |
| hydrophillic | the outer layers of the plasma membrane are water-loving |
| hydrophobic | the inner layers of the plasma membrane are water fearing which means |
| proteins | large molecules embedded in the plasma membrane that act as channels |
| cell wall | thick outer covering of a plant cell made of cellulose |
| nucleolus | a cell organelle that manufactures ribosomes |
| cytoplasm | gel-like fluid in the cell |
| golgi body | cell organelle that process, packages and ships proteins |
