| A | B |
|---|
| Union Blockade | Northern war strategy; close off southern ports to keep the South from exporting and importing goods |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Issued by Abraham Lincoln. Stated that all slaves in any states in rebellion against the Union would become free on January 1, 1863. |
| Antietam | Sept. 17, 1862. Bloodiest single day of the Civil War. Union Army defeated the Confederate Army (under the leadership of Robert E. Lee). About 2,000 Northerners and 2,700 Southerners were killed and 19,000 people were wounded. |
| Robert E. Lee | Main Confederate general (Commander of the Confederate Army); led the Army of Northern Virginia in the battles of Gettysburg and Antietam; surrendered to the Union at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865 |
| Atlanta Campaign | William Tecumseh Sherman forced the Confederate soldiers and citizens of Atlanta to retreat out of the city. His soldiers then proceeded to burn 90% of Atlanta. |
| The March to the Sea | Part of the Lay Waste Strategy - Sherman’s Union Army destroys everything in its path, 300 miles from Atlanta to Savannah. A sixty mile-wide area is burned, destroyed, and ruined during a two-month period. Captured Savannah in 1864. |
| Andersonville Prison | in southwest Georgia, was overcrowded, and offered poor food, contaminated water, and poor sanitation; 13,700 Union soldiers are buried there. |
| Chickamauga | Civil War battle where the Union wins control of an important railroad center near Chattanooga, Tennessee but loses the battle to the Confederacy. |
| Gettysburg | Civil War battle; three day battle (July 1 to July 3, 1863); Union won while suffering 23,000 casualties; Confederacy suffered 28,000 casualties |
| Appomattox Courthouse | General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Virginia cannot defeat Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Petersburg; he surrenders his army on April 9, 1865. The Civil War was over. |
| Civil War Casualties | 620,000 people died during the war; about two-thirds died from diseases, wounds, or military prison hardships. |
| Freedmen’s Bureau | Set up to assist freed slaves. Assisted them with food, clothing, shelter, education, and with getting jobs. |
| Sharecropping | was a farming method in which a land owner loans farmers housing, seeds, and tools in return for part of the crop’s profits. |
| Tenant farming | was a similar system except the tenant farmer would provide their own seeds and tools and only rented land. |
| Reconstruction Amendments | 13th Amendment, 14th Amendment, 15th Amendment |
| 13th Amendment | Outlawed (abolished) slavery. |
| 14th Amendment | Granted citizenship to freedmen and required “equal protection under the law” for all freed slaves. |
| 15th Amendment | Gave all males the right to vote regardless of race. |
| Henry McNeal Turner | African American legislator won elections in Georgia for the first time. |
| Ku Klux Klan | Secret organization – originally started as a social club for men returning from the war. Members hid behind robes and masks. The group terrorized blacks to keep them from voting. |
