| A | B |
|---|
| John Witherspoon | Presbyterian minister, elected to Continental Congress; signer of Declaration of Independence |
| Frances Willard | founder of Women's Christian Temperance Union to abolish use of alcohol; helped organize Prohibition Party |
| Benjamin Rush | physician, writer, active in the Sons of Liberty; signed the Declaration of Independence; surgeon general of the Continental Army |
| John Peter Muhlenberg | Lutheran minister; served in Continental Army; present during the winter at Valley Forge; gave a sermon quoting "To everything there is a season...and this is a time of war..." |
| John Jay | one of the Founding Fathers; served in Second Continental Congress; authored five of the eighty-five Federalist Papers to explain the Constitution; appointed as first Chief Justice of U.S. Supreme Court under Washington |
| John Hancock | attended First Continental Congress; President of Second Continental Congress; first to sign the Declaration of Independence; signed in large script |
| Alexis de Tocqueville | French political thinker and historian who wrote Democracy in America; described exceptionalism he saw in America; wrote about religion, the press, class structure, and the role of government |
| Charles Carroll | represented Maryland in Continental Congress; wasn't present in time to vote on the Declaration--but he was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; the last surviving signer of the Declaration when he died in 1832 at age of 95 |
| Jane Addams | founder of Hull House; provided help for poor immigrants in Chicago |
| Susan B. Anthony | worked to abolish slavery; dedicated her live to women's suffrage; co-founded National American Women Suffrage Association and American Equal Rights Association |
| Ida B. Wells-Barnett | born of slave parents, she became a fearless anti-lynching crusader, suffragist, women's rights advocate, journalist, and speaker |
| W.E.B. DuBois | first African American to receive PhD from Harvard; published The Souls of Black Folks; helped create NAACP; believed people of African descent should unite to fight oppression |
| Sanford Dole | President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Hawaii after Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown; became first territorial governor |
| Andrew Carnegie | made a fortune in steel industry; he justified his wealth with his "Gospel of Wealth" doctrine; he believed it was the duty of the wealthy to spread their surplus wealth to improve conditions of the poor |
| William Jennings Bryan | politician and orator; supported reforms such as income tax, spoke for the prosecution in the Scopes trial on evolution in schools |
| Clarence Darrow | most renown defense attorney of his time; defended John Scopes who was charged for violating Tennessee statute against teaching evolution in schools |
| Eugene Debs | supported unionization and labor reforms; opposed strikes; favored negotiation to improve workers' conditions |
| Glenn Curtiss | the Father of Naval Aviation and the American Aircraft Industry; built largest fleet of airplanes during WWI |
| Henry Ford | mass-produced and marketed automobile using interchangeable parts and assembly line |
| Theodore Roosevelt | led Rough Riders in Spanish American War; succeeded McKinley upon his assassination; created national parks and supported passage of Pure Food and Drug Act |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt | contracted polio 1921; became President of United States; during first 100 days, proposed the New Deal to counteract the effects of the Great Depression; was president during most of WWII |
| Alfred Thayer Mahan | 1940-1914--admiral and naval historian whose theories on relationship of sea power and world commerce influenced foreign policy development in 1880s and 1890s |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | Senator from Massachusetts who supported American expansion as way to increase national pride, spread civilization; and gain world power |
| Marcus Garvey | believed only way African Americans could achieve equality was to return to Africa and build their own nation; acquired Black Star Line to transport them |
| Warren Harding | elected 29th president; laissez-fair policies, reduced govt. spending and lower income tax; died 1923 before Teapot Dome scandal involving members if his admin became public knowledge |
| Jonathan Trumbull, Sr. | colonial governor of Connecticut, during the Revolution became only colonial governor to support the American cause; spent the war raising supplies; only colonial governor to remain in power after Independence was declared |
