| A | B |
|---|
| Double Helix | shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases |
| Transformation | Process by which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria |
| Base Pairing | Principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between cytosine and guanine |
| DNA polymerase | Enzyme that "proofreads" new DNA strands, helping to ensure that each molecule is a nearly perfect copy of the original |
| Ribosomal RNA | Type of RNA that makes up the major part of a ribosome |
| Transfer RNA | Type of RNA molecules that transfers amino acids into ribosomes during protein synthesis |
| RNA polymerase | Enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription |
| Codon | Three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid |
| Polyploidy | Condition in which an organism has an extra set of chromosomes |
| Gene | Sequence that codes for a protein and this determines trait |
| Nucleotide | subunits of DNA or RNA formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base |
