| A | B |
|---|
| inbreeding | mating between closely related individuals |
| test-cross | a cross of an individual of unknown genotype |
| clone | genetically identical copies of an organism or gene |
| genetic engineering | faster and more reliable method for increasing frequency |
| transgenic organism | plants and animals that retain functional recombinant DNA from an organism of different genus |
| vector | means by which DNA from another species can be carried into the host cell |
| plasmid | DNA found in a bacterial cell |
| gene therapy | insertion of normal genes in human cells to correct genetic disorders |
| linkage map | a map that shows the relative location of genes on a chromosome |
| human genome project | international effort to completely map and sequence approximately 35,000 to 40,000 genes on 46 human crhomosomes |
| restriction enzyme | bacterial proteins that have the ability to cut both strands of the DNA |
