| A | B |
|---|
| condition in which excess CSF accumulates with the skull, compressing brain tissue ans blood vessels | hydrocephalus |
| why does an infant's head enlarge beyond normal size as the amount of fluid accumulates | because the cranial sutures have not closed yet |
| type of hydrocephalus that occurs in babies when the flow of CSF through the ventricular system is blocked at the aqueduct of Sylvius or foramen magnum | noncomunicating/obstructive hydrocephalus |
| type of hydrocephalus usually results from a fetal develpment abnormality liek stensis ro neural tube defect | noncomunicating/obstructive hydrocephalus |
| associated myelomeningocele or Arnold-Chiari malformation is present | noncomunicating/obstructive |
| obstruction of this type of hydrocephalus leads to increased back pressure of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, which gradually dilates or enlarges the ventricles and compresses the blood vessels and brain tissue | noncomunicating/obstructive |
| type of hydrocephalus in which absorption of CSF through the subarachnoid villi is impaired resulting in ICP | communicating |
| why does ICP increase more rapidly in older children and adults than in neonates | the fused sutures of the skull prevent expansion to accommodate the increased volume fo CSF |
| most frequent cause of hydrocephalus | developmental abnormalities like stenosis or atresia at connecting channels between ventricles ro a thickened arachnoid membrane |
| atresia | absence of a canal or opening |
| S/S of hydrocephalus | enlarged bulging fontanels; scalp veins appear; eyes show the "sunset sign"; pupil response is sluggish; lethargy and restless; "shrill cries" |
