| A | B |
|---|
| What problems did the mining camps/towns face? | Crimes (theft, claim jumping, etc), vigilante justice, shallow deposits of gold running out |
| How did mining change the West? | Increased the population, led to statehood, became a major industry |
| What is the cycle of boom and bust for the mining regions? | Gold is found and people rush to an area creating a boom town. Gold runs out, everyone leaves, the town goes bust. New gold strike somewhere else, cycle repeats. |
| What increased the demand for cattle that led to the rise of the western cattle kingdoms? | The Civil War and increased Eastern population, wild cattle in the West |
| How were cattle taken to market? | Long drives to get to railheads |
| What led to the end of the cattle boom? | Barbed wire and loss of open range, blizzard-drought-blizzard, flood on market-prices drop, refrigerated railroad cars |
| What happened to Hispanic Americans after losing their Spanish land grants? | THey turned to agricultural jons in California |
| How did the Hispanic culture influence the American West? | Architecture, art, cowboy (vaquero) tools |
| How did the Morrill Land-Grant Act help draw people west? | Gave states land to sell to raise money for ag and technical colleges |
| How did the Pacific Railway act of 1862 help increase Western settlement? | The government provided land for the railroads to sell to cover building expenses |
| What was the Homestead Act of 1862? | The government provided land to the settlers if they lived and farmed it 5yrs, and paid $12 |
| What phrase did Stephen H. Long use to describe the Great plains? | "The Great American Desert" |
| What problems did farmers encounter on the plains? | Fire, grasshoppers, extreme weather, lack of trees, limited supply of water |
| What solutions did farmers develop or use? | Plow around houses, wind breaks, sod houses, wells, dry farming, hybridization of seed |
| What were bonanza farms? | Large farms that were owned by companies with investors who wanted to earn a profit |
| What does the Great Plains become known as during the late 1800s? | The Wheat Belt or Bread Basket |
| What was the Oklahoma Land Rush? | The last of the free land that the government gave to settlers; closed the frontier |
| Who was Sitting Bull? | Leader of the Sioux who defeated Custer; killed for resisting arrest before the Ghost Dance |
| What was the Battle of the Little Bighorn? | Where the Sioux defeated Custer and his men |
| What strategy did Crazy Horse use to defeat Fetterman? | Decoy and ambush |
| What was the Dawes Act? | Government policy of assimilation; gave the Indians allotments of 160 acres |
| When did the policy of assimilation end? | 1934 when Franklin Roosevelt got rid of it |
| What was the result of Western settlement for the Indians? | Lost their way of life and were confined to the reservations |
| Who were Helen Hunt Jackson and Suzette La Fleche? | Writers who drew attention to the plight of Indians and sparked reform |
| How are Sand Creek and Wounded Knee alike? | Both are massacres of Indians by the military when they left the reservations |
