| A | B |
|---|
| Homo Sapiens Sapiens | Modern man, first developed 100,000 to 400,000 years ago |
| paleolithic era | "old stone age" man developed simple tools and survival abilities like making fire |
| neolithic era | "new stone age" man develops comple tools and the ability to farm |
| nomads | people who travel in search of food and water rather than farming |
| domestication | to train animals to behave as humans desire |
| Archaeologist | someone who studies past cultures by looking at artifacts and fossils |
| Radio carbon dating | tool used by Archaeologists to determine how old a fossil is |
| Kush | civilization located on the "upper" (southern) nile river |
| Tigris and Euphrates Rivers | Mesopotamia's two main rivers |
| river valleys | fertile areas where civilizations first developed |
| mesopotamia | "land between the rivers" where the earliest civilizations were found |
| Phoenicians | sea traders in the fertile crescent known for developing the first alphabet |
| Theocracy | government where the religious leade ris also the political leader |
| Hammurabi's Code | babylonian law code that was based on "eye for an eye" |
| Ten Commandments | set of moral and religious laws contributed by the Hebrews and Moses |
| polytheistic | worshipping many gods |
| monotheistic | worshipping one god. Developed by Hebrews |
| Egyptian Pyramids | built as tombs for Egyptian Pharoahs |
| Abraham | founder of Judaism who made a covenant with God |
| Torah | Jewish Holy book |
| diaspora | term for the dispersion of Jews across the world due to persecution by other groups |
| Heiroglyphics | Egyptian writing system based on pictograms |
| Cuneiform | first written language developed by Sumerians |
| Persian Empire | vast empire in middle east, who were tolerant to the people they conquered |
| Indus river | major river for India's first civilization |
| Hereditary Dynasty | rule is passed down through a family |
| Moses | brought the ten commandments and led the jews out of slavery in Egypt. |
| Abraham | Man who is credited with founding Judaism |
| The Hebrews | The group who founded the first monotheisic religion |
| Moses | Hebrew leader who brought the 10 commandments to his people |
| Hammurabi | Babylonian emperor who contirbuted the "eye for an eye" law code |
| Zoroastrianism | A religion founded in Persia that depicted life as a struggle between good and evil. It may have influenced Christianity and Judaism |
| Specialized Labor | Focusing on one type of labor rather than doing lots of different types of work that were based around survival |
| Jerusalem | the captial of the Kingdom of Israel constructed by David |
| Pictograms | a writing system where pictures or symbols represent entire word or ideasideas |
| Early social structures | rigid with very little movement between classes |
| Stonehenge | stone age site in England that may have been used as a calendar |
| Aleppo and Jericho | early cities located in fertile crescent |
| Catlahuyok | major neolithic site in Anatolia (Turkey) |
| Iron and Bronze | the first two metals to be used by people ending the stone age |
| Imperial Bureaucracy | used to manage the Persian empire dividing the empire into smaller territories |
