| A | B |
|---|
| Solomon Asch | Conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines. He tested whether the subject would defy the group or go along with a wrong answer. |
| Albert Bandura | Famous for the Bobo Doll experiments on observational learning. Discovered that children learn to behave violently after observing adults abuse a doll. |
| Alfred Binet | Created first intelligence test for school children, The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Quotient (IQ) Test |
| Hermann Ebbinghaus | Memorized nonsense syllables in early study on human memory. Tested the limits of the human short term memory. |
| Erik Erikson | Known for his 8-stage theory of Psychosocial Development (ex: Ego Integrity vs. Despair) |
| Sigmund Freud | Developed psychoanalysis; considered to be "father of modern psychiatry" |
| Karen Horney | Countered Freud's sexist views on women with the theory of "Womb Envy" |
| William James | Created Functionalist school of thought; early American psychology teacher/philosopher |
| Lawrence Kohlberg | Famous for his theory of moral development in children; made use of moral dilemmas like “Heinz Steals the Drug” in assessment |
| Elizabeth Loftus | Her research on memory construction and the misinformation effect created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony |
| Abraham Maslow | Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization" |
| Stanley Milgram | Conducted "shocking" (Ha!) experiments on obedience |
| Ivan Pavlov | Described process of classical conditioning after famous experiments with dogs |
| Jean Piaget | Known for his theory of cognitive development in children. His stages include “Preoperational” and “concrete.” |
| Stanley Schachter | Developed "Two-Factor" theory of emotion; experiments on spillover effect |
| BF Skinner | Father of behaviorism, Described process of operant conditioning. |
| John Watson | Famous for the "Little Albert" experiments on fear conditioning. Terrorized a little baby with loud noises to make him fear a mouse. |
| William Wundt | Conducted first psychology experiments in first psych laboratory |
| Philip Zimbardo | Conducted Stanford Prison experiment |
| Martin Seligman | Conducted experiments with dogs that led to the concept of "learned helplessness" |
| Alfred Adler | Introduced concept of "inferiority complex" |
| Phineas Gage | His survival of a horrible industrial accident taught us about the role of the frontal lobes (not a psychologist) |
| Charles Darwin | His idea, that the genetic composition of a species can be altered through natural selection, has had a lasting impact on psychology through the evolutionary perspective |
| Dorothea Dix | American activist who successfully pressured lawmakers to construct & fund asylums for the mentally ill |
| Paul Broca | The part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscles involved in speech was named for him, because he first identified it |
| Carl Wernicke | An area of the brain (in the left temporal lobe) involved in language comprehension and expression was named for him because he discovered it |
| Michael Gazzaniga | Conducted experiments with split brain patients with severed corpus callosums. |
| Carl Jung | Created concept of "collective unconscious" and wrote books on dream interpretation |
| Paul Costa Robert McCrae | Creators of the "Big Five" model of personality traits |
| Howard Gardner | Best known for his theory of "multiple intelligences" |
| Charles Spearman | Creator of "g-factor", or general intelligence, concept |
| Raymond Cattell | Created the 16 Personality Factors Test |
| Joseph Wolpe | Described use of systematic desensitization to treat phobias |
| Robert Sternberg | Creator of the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence |
| Mary Ainsworth | Developmental psychology; Placed human infants into a "strange situation" in order to examine attachment to parents |
| David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel | Sensation and perception; Discovered feature detectors, groups of neurons in the visual cortex that respond to different types of visual stimuli |
| Robert Rescorla | Learning; Developed the contingency model of classical conditioning |
| Carl Rogers | Humanistic psychologist- person (client)- centered theraphy and unconditional positive regard; Self theory of personality |
| Benjamin Whorf | The linguistic relativity hypothesis |
