| A | B |
|---|
| mercator projection | shows correct shapes and directions but not true distances or sizes, makes areas near the poles look bigger than they are |
| longitude | distance East to West of the Prime Meridian measured in degrees |
| latitude | distance North or South of the Equator measured in degrees |
| map key | explains symbols and shading on a map |
| Prime Meridian | the zero meridian from which longitude east and west is measured |
| Western Hemisphere | the half of Earth West of the Prime Meridian |
| physical map | map that shows physical or natural features |
| political map | map that shows political units, such as countries or states |
| map scale | the area a given space on the map corresponds to in the real world |
| compass rose | diagram of a compass showing direction |
| Northern Hemisphere | the half of the Earth that is North of the Equator |
| relative location | the location of a place relative to another place; is another way to describe location |
| absolute location | describes a place's exact position on Earth in terms of longitude and latitude |
| population density | measure of the number of people per unit of land |
| Latin America | areas of Middle and South America influenced by the cultures of Spain, France or Portugal |
| import | goods or service sold within a country that is produced in another country |
| export | good or service produced within a country and sold outside the country |
| economic region | place where people do a particular type of work |
| diplomacy | managing communication and relationships between countries |
| recession | zero or negative economic growth for six or more months in a row |
| consumer | person or business that buys, or consumes products |
| producer | person or business that makes and sells products |
| command economy | economy in which the central government makes all basic economic decisions |
| market economy | economy in which individual consumers and producers make all economic decisions |
| economic growth | growth of the economy over a period of time for an area |
| industrialization | growth of a machine - powered production and manufacturing |
| tariff | tax on imports or exports |
| GDP - gross domestic product | total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year |
| limited government | government structure in which government actions are limited by law |
| unlimited government | government structure in which there are no effective limits on government actions |
| dictator | single leader who controls government |
| monarchies | form of government in which the state is ruled by a monarch; a monarch is usually a king or queen |
| city-state | independent state consisting of a city and its surrounding territory |
| nation-state | state that is independent of other states |
| executive branch | branch of government that carries out or enforces laws; provides the countries defense; conducts foreign policy and manages day to day affairs |
| citizen | legal member of a country |
| interest group | group that seeks to influence public policy on certain issues |
| political party | group that supports candidates for public offices |
| checks and balances | a system that ensures no one branch of government becomes too powerful |
| democracy | a form of government in which citizens hold political power |
| UN - United Nations | the largest international organization that works for peace, nearly every country in the world belongs to the UN |
| human rights | a right that is believed to belong justifiably to every person |
| emigrate | to migrate out of a place |
| primary source | information that comes directly from a person who experienced an event |
| secondary source | information about an event that does not come from a person who experienced that event |
| artifact | object made by a human being |
| bias | unfair preference for or dislike of something |
| oral tradition | a communities cultural & historical background, passed down in spoken stories and songs |
| plantation | large commercial farm |
| hacienda | a large farm or ranch in Spain's American colonies |
| Quebec Act | parliaments 1st attempt at balancing the interests of both British & French citizens |
| Act of Union | created the province of Canada, established a system of elected leaders and led to a bicultural government of French & British Canadians |
| British North American Act | created the Dominion of Canada. While still part of Britain, Canada was effectively united & independent |
| maize | corn |
| manifest destiny | idea that the United States should expand across the North American continent |
