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| Genetics | is scientific study of heredity. |
| Fertilization | is process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell. |
| Trait | specific characteristic of an individual. |
| Hybrid | is offspring of crosses between parents with different traits. |
| Gene | is sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring. |
| Allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene. |
| Principle of Dominance | is Mendel's second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive. |
| Segregation | is separation of alleles during gamete formation. |
| Gamete | sex cell. |
| Probability | likelihood that a particular event will occur. |
| Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a particular gene. |
| Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a particular gene. |
| Phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism. |
| Genotype | genetic makeup of an organism. |
| Punnett Square | diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross. |
| Independent Assortment | one of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. |
