| A | B |
|---|
| Pericles | Athenian General whose leadership is credited with beginning the Golden Age |
| Sophocles | Greek dramatist who wrote Oedipus Rex |
| Phidias | sculptor who sculpted the Statue of Athena at the Parthenon |
| Aeschylus | greek tragedian wrote the Oresteia |
| Herodotus | father of histroy wrote the history of the Persian Wars |
| Thucydides | Greek historian wrote a history of the Peloponnesian wars |
| Hippocrates | father of medecine developed a code of conduct for doctors called the "hippocratic oath" |
| Pythagoras | greek mathematician developed the pythagoran theorem (a2 + b2= c2) for right triangles |
| Socrates | famous Greek philosopher developed a famous teaching method, was eventually executed for corrupting the young |
| Plato | student of Socrates, wrote "The Republic" a famous political book |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher, student of Plato, established the Lyceum and tutored Alexander the Great |
| Euclid | wrote "Principles of Geometry" and is considered the father of modern geometry |
| Draco | famous tyrant in Athens who established the first public lawcode |
| Solon | famous tyrant in Athens who worked for the good of the people by freeing those enslaved by debt and allowing more people to be citizens |
| Patriarchs | title given to the bishops of the 5 major cities in the Roman Empire |
| Justinian | Byzantine empire's greatest leader |
| St. Cyril | famous Christian missionary who spread Orthodox christianity to the slavs by creating a new alphabet (cyrillic) |
| Cyrillic | The Alphabet created by Cyril to teach Christianity to the slavs |
| The Ottoman Turks | group who conquered Constantinople in 1400s AD changing the city to a center for Islam |
| Allah | Arabic word for god |
| Muhammed | founder of Islam, considered by muslims to be Allah's most important prophet |
| Pharaoh | The Title Egyptian leaders took for themselves, meaning "Great house of the King" and was believed to be part God |
| The Aryans | An early group that dominated the Indus River valley established dominance, and our credited with creating the Vedas and contributing to the establishment of the caste system |
| Siddhartha Guatama | Founder of Buddhism, He was the Buddha or the "enlightened" one |
| Asoka | Leader in India who sent out missionaries to try and spread Buddhism to other parts of Asia |
| The Phoenicians | civilization of sea-traders on the Mediterranean Coast |
| Abraham | Man who is credited with founding Judaism |
| The Hebrews | The group who founded the first monotheisic religion |
| Charlemagne | King of the franks who expanded France into a large kingdom and later became Holy Roman Emperor |
| Vikings | migratory group from Scandinavia who would eventually settle Russia |
| Magyars | migratory group from Asia that settled in Hungary |
| Angles and Saxons | migratory group from continental Europe that settled the British Isles |
| serfs | lowest class of people in the Feudal system who worked Nobles' land in exchange for protection |
| William the Conquerer | man who conquered England and united expanded it into a large kingdom |
| Henry II | king responsible for creating the jury system and common law in England |
| John I | English King who signed the Magna Carta |
| Hugh Capet | French king who expanded his kingdom out of Paris and saw his dynasty expand over all of France |
| Joan of Arc | French patriot who led France to victories in the 100 years war and insired a sense of French nationalism |
| The Mongols | Asian group that conquered China, India, Russia, and Arab Lands. Built largest empire Ever. |
| Genghis Khan | famous Mongol Leader |
| Ivan III | Russian leader who defeated the Mongols and took the title of Tsar |
| Ferdinand and Isabella | Spanish King and Queen whose marriage united Spain. They defeated the Moors and started the Spanish Inquisition. |
| Phillip II | Spanish leader who expanded Spain's power and built the Spanish Armada |
| Pope Urban II | Man whose famous speech helped spark the Crusades |
| Saladin | Turkish leader who reopened Jerusalem to Christians after the 3rd crusade |
| Paul | one of the major apostles, he played a major role in making Christianity an independent religion separate from Judaism |
| Pope | the Patriarch of Rome, became the religious leader for the western Roman empire |
| Constantine | The first Christian emperor, he made Christianity legal in the Roman Empire, and moved the capital of the empire to Constantinople |
| Ptolemy | famous Egyptian Astronomer who made great advancements in Astronomy and planetary motion during the Pax Romana |
| Germanic Tribes | Groups from Northern and Eastern Europe who invaded Rome's empire repeatedly, weakening the empire |
| Consuls | head of the executive branch in rome, elected for 1 year terms |
| Patricians | highest social class in Rome, consisted of wealthy nobility |
| Plebeians | common people in Rome |
| Hannibal | Carthaginian general from 2nd punic war |
| Julius Caesar | talented general and effective leader who became dictator for life after winning a major civil war against Pompey |
| Octavian "Augustus" Caesar | nephew of Julius Caesar, became Rome's first Emperor, effective ruler who increased Rome's power |
| Marc Antony | Lt. of Julius Caesar who was defeated by Octavian in a civil war following Casear's death |
| Virgil | Roman author of "The Aeneid" |
| Ali | Muslim Caliph whose death led to a split in the followers of Islam into Sunni-Shia |
| Franks | French group in Europe that built a large Kingdom after the fall of Rome |
| Charles V | Spanish King who expanded Spain;s control into the Western Hemisphere |
| Parish Priests | priests in the Middle Ages who served the daily religious needs of the people |
| Machiavelli | Renaissance writer who wrote the Prince as a guide for how rulers should rule |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Renaissance painter of The Mona Lisa and Last Supper |
| Michelangelo | Renaissance Artist who sculpted the David and painted the Sistine Chapel Frescoes |
| Petrarch | Renaissance poet who created Sonnets |
| Erasmus | Northern Renaissance writer of "The Praise of Folly" critical of the Catholic Church |
| Sir Thomas More | English writer who wrote "Utopia" describing a perfect society |
| Johannes Gutenberg | inventor of the printing press |
| Moses | Hebrew leader who brought the 10 commandments to his people |
| Hammurabi | Babylonian emperor who contirbuted the "eye for an eye" law code |
| Qin Sh Huang Di | Chinese leader who built the great wall |
| Alexander the Great | led Greek conquest of Persian Empire |
| Phillip II | Macedonian King who led the conquest of Greece, father of Alexander |
| Mauryans | united India into an empire, made great achievement in math and science |
| Mayans | centered in rainforest in Mexico, known for accurate calendars and Chichen Itza |
| Aztec | centered in central Mexico, known for city of Tenochtitilan, human sacrifice |
| Inca | centered in Andes mountains, high altitude farming, road building |
