| A | B |
|---|
| a few drops | A milliliter of liquid is |
| ml or 50 milliliters | The volume of liquid in a graduated cylinder might be 50 |
| ml or 300 milliliters | the volume of liquid in a beaker might be 300 |
| quart | A liter is close in volume to a |
| balance | An instrument used to measure mass |
| 1 gram 1g | The mass of a paper clip or sheet is about: |
| 1 kilogram 1kg | The mass of a book could be about: |
| 1 kilogram | 100 grams equal: |
| millimeters, centimeters, meters, kilometers | Length and distance are measured in these metric units: |
| milliliters, liters | Volume of a liquid or capacity of a container is measured in these metric units: |
| grams, kilograms | Mass is measured in these units |
| fingernail | A centimeter is about as long as your |
| 10 (10mm = 1cm) | If your fingernail is one centimeter long, how long is it in millimeters? |
| 1 meter or 1m | The distance from your waist to the floor could be about: |
| 2 meters | Two hundred centimeters equals: |
| 1 kilometer or 1 km | The distance from Terraset to the nearest 7-Eleven is about: |
| three thousand meters equals: | 3 kilometers |
| soil | In an experiment to measure how different types of soil affect flower growth, you fill five identical pots with different types of soil and place a flower bulb in each. The variable in the experiment is the: |
| constants | The pots, flower bulbs, water and amount of sunlight should be the same for all of the pots. These are the: |
| kinetic | Objects in motion have this kind of energy. |
| stored | Potential energy is _________ energy |
| potential energy | Due to the pull of gravity, the higher an object is off the ground, the more _____________ it has. |
| kinetic energy | When I hold a ball in the air, it has potential energy. When I let go, the ball starts to fall. Potential energy changes to this kind of energy. |
| electrical energy | Energy caused by the movement of electrons is this kind of energy. |
| chemical energy | Energy stored in food, batteries, and fossil fuels like coal and gasoline is this kind of energy. |
| mechanical energy | Energy in moving or spinning objects like gears, car wheels, or joggers is this kind of energy |
| levers | A seesaw, crowbar, shovel, and nutcracker are: |
| inclined planes | A ramp, staircase, and ladder are: |
| screws | A jar lid and corkscrew are: |
| pulley | What simple machine is used to hoist a flag or raise window blinds? |
| compound machines | A wheelbarrow, scissors, and a bicycle are: |
| levers | Simple machines with fulcrums (pivot points) are usually: |
| pulleys | These simple machines have ropes or chains |
| lever and wheel & axle | A wheelbarrow is a compund machine with a _______ and _____________ |
| lever and wedges | A pair of scissors has: |
| friction | Two objects rubbing together create this. |
| heat | Friction resists or stops motion, and creates this. |
| inertia | Unless acted on by a force, objects in motion tend to stay in motion, and objects at rest remain at rest. This is the principal of: |
| more inertia | It's harder to push a real truck than a toy truck because objects with more mass have: |
| closed circuit | Which will light a bulb, an open or closed circuit? |
| series circuit | If your string of holiday lights goes dark when one little bulb goes burns out, the string of lights is a: |
| parallel circuit | This circuit has more than one pathway for the flow of electrical current. If one bulb burns the others will remain lit. It is a: |
| conductors | Electrical energy moves easily through materials that are: |
| metal (like copper) | Wires are usually made from ________ because it conducts electricity well. |
| insulators | Materials like rubber, plastic and wood that do not conduct electricity well. |
| voltage (1.5v or 9v) | Common dry cell batteries usually have low: |
| iron (steel), cobalt, nickel | Magnets attract these metals: |
| electricity | Magnetism and _________ are very closely related. |
| electric current | An electric current creates a magnetic field, and a magnetic field creates a(n): |
| electromagnet | If you wrap wire around a nail and run electricity through the wire, you have created an: |
| static electricity | If you rub your feet on the carpet or rub a balloon on a wool sweater, you may create: |
| electrons | Static electricity occurs when negatively charged ________ are rubbed off of one surface and on to another. |
| static electricity | Benjamin Franklin learned that lightning was a form of this kind of electricity. |
| Thomas Edison | He invented the light bulb. |
| temperature | The measure of the amount of heat energy in the atmosphere is: |
| humidity | The amount of moisture in the air is: |
| air pressure | The weight of the air causes: |
| air masses | Air circulates around the Earth in big chunks called: |
| front | The boundary between two air masses is called a: |
| steady rain or drizzle followed by warmer temperatures | A warm front occurs when a warm air mass pushes out a cold mass. A warm front usually brings: |
| a short period of heavy rain or thunder, followed by clear colder weather | A cold front occurs when a cold air mass pushes out a warm air mass. A cold front usually brings: |
| rainy weather ahead | A falling barometer often means: |
| cumulonimbus | This kind of cloud brings stormy weather, thunderstorms, and sometimes even tornadoes. |
| cumulus clouds | These are puffy white clouds that look like cotton balls. |
| cirrus clouds | These are high, thin, wispy clouds. |
| stratus clouds | These clouds form a gray blanket over the sky, often bringing steady rain or drizzle. |
| barometer | This instrument measures air pressure. |
| anemometer | This instrument measures wind speed. |
| hygrometer | This instrument measures moisture in the air. |
| rain guage | This instrument measures precipitation. |
| hurricanes | These severe storms usually form over the water in the Caribbean. |
| nine | Earth is one of _____ planets that revolve around the sun. |
| third | Earth is the _____ planet from the sun. |
| rocky inner planets | Venus, Mercury, Earth, and Mars are the: |
| 150 million km | How far is the Earth from the sun? |
| water and an oxygen rich atmosphere | What does the Earth have that allows it to support life? |
| It blocks out most of the sun's damaging rays. | How does the Earth's atmosphere protect the Earth? |
| Earth | Ancient Greeks like Aristotle and Ptolemy believed that the ________ was the center of our solar system, & all planets and the sun revolved around us. |
| the sun | Copernicus and Galileo tried to convince the world that __________ was actually the center of the solar system. |
| the moon | The NASA Apollo missions sent astronauts to: |
| watershed | Abut half of Virginia is considered to be in the Chesapeake Bay ______ because the surface water and all of the materials it carries drain into the Chesapeake Bay. |
| watershed | Land drained by rivers west of Roanoke is part of the Mississippi ________. |
| forests | Much of Virginia is covered in ______, an important natural resource in Virginia. |
| coal | An important energy resource mined in the southwestern part of Virginia is called: |
| the root | Which plant part takes in water and nutrients? |
| the stem | Which plant part supports the plant and allows movement of water and nutrients? |
| the leaves | Which plant part makes food |
| pistil | The seed forms in the female reproductive part of the flower called the: |
| stamen | Pollen forms on the ends of the male reproductive parts of the flower called the: |
| sepals | The small leaves that form around the developing flower are the: |
| pollination | Pollen is transferred from the stamen to the pistil in a process called: |
| spores | Most plants reproduce with seeds but ferns and mosses reproduce with: |
| photosynthesis | Green plants produce their own food in a process called: |
| water, nutrients, sunlight, carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll | To produce food, green plants use: |
| clorophyll | Plants are green because of: |
| dormancy | Many plants enter a period of ____ in the winter, which is similar to hibernation for animals. During this period most of their normal activities stop. |
| habitat | An organism's _____ provide food, water, shelter and space. |
| forest community; pond community | All of the organisms in a forest make up a ________, and all of the organisms in a pond make up a ______. |
| the sun | All energy comes from ________, and then cycles through the food webs to all of the animals in the community. |
| plants | These get energy directly from the sun. |
| producers | Because plants produce their own food, they are called these. |
| eating plants, or eating animals that have eaten plants | Other organisms do not get their energy from the sun. They get their energy by: |
| consumers | Organisms that get their energy from eating plants or other animals are called: |
| sun--producers--consumers--decomposers | The sun's energy cycles through the ecosystem in this order: |
| food web | All of the interrelated food chains in an ecosystem make up a: |
| plant | Food chains and food webs always start with a: |
| decomposer | The food chain starts with a producer (a plant) and ends with a: |
| fungi | Decomposers like _____ break down organisms and recycle them back to the nutrient pool. |
| an ecosystem | All of the living and nonliving things in an environment make up: |
| polluting ponds, chopping down forests, etc. | Everything in an ecosystem depends on everything else. Humans often destroy ecosystems by: |
| niche | The specific place an organism has in the food web is the organism's: |
| what it does, what it eats, and what eats it | The nice of every organism is different, and an organism's niche changes as it grows. A niche is the organism's role in the community, and it includes: |
| adaptations | All organisms have _____ that allow it to survive in its environment. |
| body parts | Structural adaptations are ____ that help an organism survive, like long beaks, webbed feet, camoflage. |
| migration, hibernation, instincts, etc | Behavioral adaptations are things that organisms do to survive. Examples of behavioral adaptations are: |
| things that you can actually see with your own eyes | If you are given a picture and asked to make an observation, you must choose the answer that includes only: |
| "Soon it's going to rain" is not an observation. It is a prediction. | Which is NOT an observation I could make while looking up in the sky? "The sky is bllue." "A big, dark cloud is moving in." "Soon it's going to rain." |
| the amount of matter in an object--how heavy it is. | The mass of an object is: |
| the volume of Coke--or how much space it takes up. | Given a 2-liter bottle of Coke, 2 liters is a measure of: |
| 2 liters | The capacity of a container is how much it can hold. The capacity of a large Coke bottle, even if it is empty, is: |
