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| What was the name of the radical document that called Russia to withdraw from the war, the Soviets to seize power for the workers and peasants, and for all private land to be nationalized? And who authored this document? | Vladimir Lenin issued the April Theses in the Spring of 1917, upon returning to Russia. |
| After the czar abdicated the throne in March 1917, aristocratic and middle-class politicians from the old Duma formed a new administration called the_________________________, | Provisional Government |
| The Bolsheviks, aiming to supplant the Provisional Government employed this slogan which promised three things to Russians tired of the war. What were these three things? | The slogan was "Peace, Land, and Bread" |
| After supplanting the provisional government, the new Bolshevik government asked Germany for peace and agreed to a treaty. The treaty would place vast regions of the old Russian Empire under German occupation. What was the name of the treaty, and when was it agreed to? | The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 1918. |
| What was the name of the secret police established by the new Bolshevik government, which imprisoned political opponents and black marketers and often shot them without trial? | the Cheka |
| Of the three key Bolshevik leaders, which one was largely responsible for building the Red Army? | Leon Trotsky--Trotsky built a highly disciplined army by ending democratic procedures, such as the election of officers, that originally attracted soldiers to Bolshevism. |
| In March 1919, the Bolsheviks, flushed with confidence, founded this political organization dedicated to preaching communism, and promoting revolutionary Marxism across Europe. | the Third International |
| What policy, introduced by Lenin and Trotsky, mandated urban workers and troops to move through the countryside and seize grain from the peasantry to feed the civil war army and workforce? | This was the policy of "war communism". |
| What did the Bolsheviks call themselves to distinguish themselves from the socialists and social Democrats who had voted for and continued Russia's disastrous participation in World War I in the first place? | Communists |
| Where did the Bolsheviks relocate the capital of Russia? | The capital was relocated from Petrograd to Moscow. |
| By and large, what were the three main social groups that formed the Whites, who opposed the Reds, in Russia's civil war? | The Whites were made up of 1. Czarist military leaders and supporters of aristocratic rule, 2. the liberal educated class and property owners, and 3. non-Russian nationalities who opposed Russification and saw their chance for independence and sovereignty. |
| In this revolt in the early spring of 1921, which called for "Soviets without Communists", workers in Petrograd and sailors at a naval base protested their short rations and the privileged standard of living that Bolshevik supervisors enjoyed. | The Kronstadt Rebellion (named after the naval base). |
| In the early 1920s in the new communist Russia, who were the Green Armies? What did they want? | The Green Armies were peasant bands who revolted against the Bolshevik policy of war communism that confiscated their crops. |
| Frightened by the threat of revolt, Lenin in 1921 was forced to institute reform which return parts of the economy to the free market and a temporary retreat to capitalist methods that allowed peasants to sell their grain and others to trade consumer goods freely. What was this policy called? | So much for classless utopia! Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) allowed some peasants and merchants to prosper – – these were known as, believe it or not,"NEPmen". |
| This new communist agency emphasized informing Russian women about their equality with men. The agency taught women about both sanitary housekeeping and the rights under communism. Officials in this agency often urged Muslim women to remove their veils and change their way of life by learning their rights. | the Zhenotdel |
| Lenin's last will and testament in 1923 asked that "the comrades find a way to remove_______________." Who was Lenin warning his comrades about? | Joseph Stalin |
| Which short-lived government agency in communist Russia tried to develop proletarian culture through undertakings such as workers' universities, a workers' theater, and workers' publishing? | the Proletkult |
| In 1904, the Russian socialist movement split into two factions. One faction, sticking to pure Marxism, believed that socialism could not be achieved in Russia due to its backwards economic conditions – – a bourgeoisie revolution was necessary first. The other faction believed that a revolution could be pushed through violently, led by a Vanguard party of leaders. Respectively, what were the names of these two factions? | Mensheviks and Bolsheviks |
| When was the Provisional Government overthrown by the Bolsheviks? | The October Revolution took place in 1917. |
| Of the three key Soviet leaders – – Lenin, Stalin, and Trotsky – – which one believed that the goal of socialism in Russia could not be realized without the success of a world Bolshevik revolution? Which of the other two Soviet leaders would oppose him on this count, and eventually exile him, and ultimately have assassinated in the 1930s? | Leon Trosky believed that a communist Russia needed communist neighbors. Stalin would oppose him, and instead focus on Russia itself. Stalin had Trosky exiled. Stalin ultimately had Trotsky assassinated. |
