| A | B |
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| Realism | a theory of writing in which the ordinary, familiar, or mundane aspects of life are represented in a straightforward or matter-of-fact manner that is presumed to reflect life as it actually is. |
| Romanticism | of or relating to a movement in European art, music, and literature in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, characterized by an emphasis on feeling and content rather than order and form, on the sublime, supernatural, and exotic, and the free expression of the passions and individuality |
| Nietzsche | was a nineteenth-century German philosopher and classical philologist. He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy, and science, using a distinctive German language style and displaying a fondness for metaphor and aphorism. |
| Ivan Petrovich | 1849--1936, Russian physiologist. His study of conditioned reflexes in dogs influenced behaviourism. He also made important contributions to the study of digestion: Nobel prize for physiology or medicine 1904 |
| Emmeline Pankhurst | 1858--1928, English suffragette leader, who founded the militant Women's Social and Political Union (1903) |
| sigmund freud | 1856--1939, Austrian psychiatrist; originator of psychoanalysis, based on free association of ideas and analysis of dreams. He stressed the importance of infantile sexuality in later development, evolving the concept of the Oedipus complex. His works include The Interpretation of Dreams (1900) and The Ego and the Id (1923) |
| positivists | a strong form of empiricism, esp as established in the philosophical system of Auguste Comte, that rejects metaphysics and theology as seeking knowledge beyond the scope of experience, and holds that experimental investigation and observation are the only sources of substantial knowledge |
| Fabian socialism | It aims to promote greater equality of power, wealth and opportunity; the value of collective action and public service; an accountable, tolerant and active democracy; citizenship, liberty and human rights; sustainable development; and multilateral international cooperation |
| Which of the following was the greatest single contribution to medicine in Europe in the 1870s?: | research on contagion and infectious disorders. |
| The "demographic transition" that took place between 1870 and 1914 involved?: | a huge migration of Europeans to the United States, South America, and Australia. |
| By 1900, the leading industrial power in Europe was?: | Germany |
