| A | B |
|---|
| eukaryotic | cells having a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| heterotrophic | organisms that get their nutrients by eating other organisms |
| motile | having the ability to move |
| intercellular junctions | connections between cells that hold them together in tissue layers, composed primarily of collagen fibers |
| collagen | most abundant protein in animal tissues |
| primary germ layers | endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm |
| endoderm | germ layer that will become the gut |
| mesoderm | germ layer that will become the skeleton, muscles, blood and other organs |
| ectoderm | germ layer that produces the epidermis and nervous system |
| radial symmetry | type of symmetry seen in cnidarians and sea stars |
| bilateral symmetry | type of symmetry seen in most organisms |
| protostome | organism whose first body opening becomes the mouth |
| deuterostome | organism whose first body opening becomes the anus |
| spiral cleavage | type of embryonic cell division in which new cells do not sit directly above older cells |
| coelomate | organism having a true body cavity |
| acoelomate | organism lacking a body cavity (solid body structure) |
| hydrostatic skeleton | fluid-filled body cavity which gives organism some rigidity against which muscles can pull |
| Porifera | most primitive phylum |
| Porifera | phylum which includes the sponges |
| Porifera | phylum whose organisms have no body symmetry |
| osculum | opening to the gastrovascular cavity of sponges |
| filter feeder | refers to the way sponges acquire food |
| hermaphrodites | having both, male and female sex organs, in the same organism |
| budding | asexual reproduction of sponges and hydra |
| budding | reproduction in which a new individual grows off of an existing individual |
| choanocytes (collar cells) | cells that move water and trap food particles in sponges |
| amoeboid cells (amoebocytes) | mobile cells that transport food and form spicules |
| spicules | small needles of minerals which compose the ‘skeleton’ of some sponges |
| sessile | term referring to the lack of movement from place to place |
| Cnidaria | phylum which includes hydra and jellyfish |
| Cnidaria | phylum which includes organism with stinging cells |
| Cnidaria | phylum which includes organisms which may exist as sessile |
| Cnidaria | polyps or free-swimming medusae cnidoblasts stinging cells |
| cnidoblasts | stinging cells |
| polyp | sessile (non-motile) form of cnidarians |
| medusa | free-swimming form of cnidarian (e.g., jellyfish) |
| gastrovascular cavity | body cavity of sponges, cnidarians and planaria |
| mesoglea | middle, gel-like layer of cnidaria which contains a nerve network and muscles |
| Platyhelmithes | phylum which includes the flatworms |
| Platyhelmithes | phylum which includes mostly parasitic members |
| Platyhelmithes | phylum which includes planaria |
| Platyhelmithes | phylum of acoelomates (no body cavity) |
| Platyhelmithes | phylum to first develop mesoderm |
| liver flukes, tapeworms | parasitic flatworms |
| cephalization | term referring to the development of a ‘head’ end |
| acoelomate | an organism without a body cavity |
| nematoda | phylum which includes the roundworms |
| nematoda | phylum which includes organisms with a pseudocoelom |
| nematoda | most ubiquitous of the worm phyla |
| nematoda | phylum which includes worms that destroy crops |
| pseudocoelom | term for false body cavity (only lined by mesoderm on outside) |
| mollusca | phylum which includes octopi and snails |
| mollusca | phylum which includes soft-bodied organism with a shell |
| mantle | soft tissue layer of mollusks which secretes their shells |
| open circulatory system | circulatory system in which the blood leaves the blood vessels into the body cavity and then is reabsorbed |
| annelida | phylum which includes the earthworm and leech |
| open circulatory system | type of circulatory system of clams and snails |
| annelida | phylum which includes the earthworm and leech |
| setae | small bristles which earthworms use to grip the soil |
| aortic arches | the hearts of an earthworm |
| nephridia | small excretory organs of the earthworm |
| nephridia | organ in earthworms which act like a kidney |
| clitellum | lighter colored area of earthworm which produces cocoon for eggs |
| coelom | term for body cavity |
| metamerism | segmentation |
| metamere | body segment of an organism |
| closed circulatory system | circulatory system in which blood does not leave the blood vessels |
| arthropoda | largest of all phyla in number of member species |
| arthropoda | phylum with organisms with ‘jointed’ legs |
| cephalothorax | term for fused head and thorax |
| chitin | material which makes up the exoskeleton of arthropods |
| thorax | middle segment of insects |
| thorax | segment of insects containing the legs and wings |
| complete metamorphosis | type of insect life cycle in which the larva bear no resemblance to the adult |
| complete metamorphosis | type of life cycle which includes a pupal stage |
| pupa | cocoon stage off complete metamorphosis |
| incomplete metamorphosis | type of insect life cycle in which the newborn offspring look like miniature adult |
| nymph | young insect which resembles its parents |
| molting | the shedding of exoskelton |
| Echinodermata | phylum which includes the sea stars |
| echinodermata | “spiny skin” |
| radial cleavage | type of embryonic cell division in which new cells sit directly above older cells |
