| A | B |
|---|
| Lucius Junius Brutus | executed his sons for being part of conspiracy to restore monarchy |
| Lars Porsenna | king of Etruscans |
| Horatius Cocles | single-handedly held off Etruscans from crossing the bridge over the Tiber |
| Mucius Scaevola | attempted to killed Lars Porsenna, but killed wrong man, and then burned off his right hand in the fire; give the nickname "Scaevola" ("Lefty") |
| patricians | wealthy upper class citizens |
| equestrians | wealthy merchant class (upper middle class) |
| plebeians | lower class |
| optimates | best of the patrician class |
| Secession of the Plebs | plebeians leave Rome in protest; earn the right to representation by Tribunes and the right to prpose and veto legislation |
| Cincinnatus | temporary dictator who defeated Rome's enemies and then returned to his farm |
| Twelve Tables | first written law code in Rome (452 BCE) |
| Gauls | sacked Rome in 390 BCE; defeated by Camillus who was recalled after banishment |
| King Pyrrhus of Epirus | tried to defeat Rome; won battles but his losses were so heavy, he retreated; "Pyrrhic Victory" |
| Appius Claudius Caecus | designed Appian Way and aqueduct |
| First Punic War | 264-41 |
| Second Punic War | 218-201 |
| Third Punic War | 149-146 |
| Hannibal | lost to Scipio Africanus at Zama to end Secong Punic War |
| Quintus Fabius Cunctator | developed guerrilla tactics to slow Hannibal |
| Hamilcar | father of Hannibal |
| beauty contest | between Athena, Aphrodite, Hera |
| Priam | decided the beauty contest; chose Aphrodite |
| Helen | awarded to Paris by Aphrodite |
| Eris | goddess of discord; threw golden apple into wedding feast of Peleus and Thetis |
| Aeneas | survivor of Trojan War; led other survivors to a new home in Italy |
| Iulus | son of Aeneas; founded Alba Longa |
| Lavinium | city founded by Aeneas in Italy |
| Queen Dido | queen of Carthage; jilted by Aeneas; commits suicide |
| Cumaean Sybil | prophetess who leads Aeneas to underworld |
| Amulius | usurps throne of Alba Longa from his brither Numitor; makes Rhea Silvia--his neice--a vestal virgin |
| Rhea Silvia | impregnated by Mars; mother of Romulus and Remus |
| 753 BCE | Romulus kills Remus and founds Rome |
| geography of Rome | seven hills and Tiber River |
| Rape of the Sabines | Sabine women kidnapped by Romans to be their wives |
| Romulus | taken up to the sky in a cloud; worshipped as Quirinus |
| Numa Pompilius | second king of Rome; gave them law and religion |
| Tarquinius Superbus (the Proud) | last king of Rome |
| Sextus Tarquinius | raped Lucretia |
| 509 BCE | Tarquin ousted; start of Republic |
| Monarchy | 753 BCE-509BCE |
