| A | B |
|---|
| Sound is a form of energy produced by: | vibrating matter |
| Sound travels in: | waves |
| The ___ of a sound is the number of vibrations in a given time. | frequency |
| An object vibrating faster will have a higher frequency and a higher: | pitch |
| Sound is a ____ wave. | compression |
| The distance between compressions or between the peaks of two waves is the: | wavelength |
| What kind of matter does sound travel through faster? | solids |
| Sound travels slower through gasses than through liquids and solids because the molecules in gasses are: | farthest apart |
| Dogs, bats, and other animals can hear ___ sounds that humans cannot hear. Whales can hear lower frequency sounds. | high frequency |
| Musical instruments ____ to produce sounds. | vibrate |
| An instrument that uses sound to measure/see the ocean floor or underwater objects is a: | sonar |
| ___ is a combination of several different wavelengths of light traveling together. | white light |
| The wavelengths of light from longest to shortest are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. To remember this we use: | Roy G. Biv |
| The color light with the longest wavelength is: | red |
| The color light with the shortest wavelength is: | violet |
| Light travels much ___ than sound through the atmosphere. | faster |
| It takes light from the sun ____ to travel 150 million km to Earth. | 8 1/2 minutes |
| Light travels in straight paths called: | rays |
| Light travels fastest through: | a vacuum or empty space |
| When light bounces off an object, it is: | reflected |
| When light bends, it is: | refracted |
| When light passes through an object, it is: | transmitted |
| Light passes easily through a window because the glass is: | transparent |
| Some light can pass through wax paper. Wax paper is: | translucent |
| Light can't travel through a wall. A wall is: | opaque |
| When white light passes through a _____, the different wavelengths bend at different angles, so we see a rainbow of light. This is a: | prism |
| A concave and convex lens bend or ____ light. | refract |
| There are over 100 pure substances, called: | elements |
| The smallest part of an element is the: | atom |
| When two or more elements combine to make a completely new substance, it is called a: | compound |
| The smallest part of a compound is a: | molecule |
| H2O is a compound know as: | water |
| NaCl (Sodium Chloride) is a compound called: | salt |
| Substances that combine but can be separated again are called: | mixtures |
| A mixture in which one substance dissolves in another is called a: | solution |
| Sugar mixed into water is a ____ because if the water evaporated, the sugar would remain in the container. | solution ( a type of mixture) |
| The three states of matter are: | solid, liquid, and gas |
| If you heat a solid, it may: | melt into a liquid |
| If you heat a liquid, it may: | evaporate into a gas |
| If you cool a gas, it may ___ into a liquid. | condense |
| If you cool a liquid, it may____ into a solid. | freeze |
| Clouds, dew, water droplets on the outside of a glass on a hot day are caused by: | condensation |
| When you heat matter, the atoms and molecules: | move faster and usually spread apart |
| In a solid, the molecules are: | tightly packed and barely moving |
| In a gas the molecules are: | moving fast and spread apart |
| Living things are made of: | cells |
| Using a _____ you can see many parts of a cell. | microscope |
| Plant cells tend to be: | rectangular |
| The control center of the cell is the: | nucleus |
| The jellylike substance in a cell is the: | cytoplasm |
| The water and waste storage sacs in a cell are called: | vacuoles |
| The outer layer of an animal cell is the: | cell membrane |
| Plant cells have cell membranes but they have another stiff outer layer called the: | cell wall |
| Plant cells also have ____ which hold chlorophyll needed for photosynthesis. | chloroplasts |
| Name the 5 kingdoms of living things. | Plants, Animals, Fungi, Monera, Protists |
| To which kingdom do bacteria belong? | Monera |
| To which kingdom do mushrooms belong? | Fungi |
| To which kingdom do most algae belong? | Protists |
| Are most plants vascular or nonvascular? | Vascular |
| Plants that do not have special veins to transport food and water are: | nonvascular |
| Name a nonvascular plant. | moss |
| Animals with backbones are: | vertebrates |
| Animals without backbones are: | invertebrates |
| Snakes, lizards, and fish are: | vertebrates |
| Clams, squid, worms, and insects are: | invertebrates |
| The ocean covers how much of the Earth? | 70% |
| The shallow parts of the ocean floor at the edges of the continents make up the: | continental shelf |
| The salinity of the ocean varies. Salinity means: | saltiness |
| Wind patterns and different water densities cause: | ocean currents |
| As the depth of the ocean increases, what else increases? | water pressure |
| As the depth of the ocean increases, what decreases? | temperature and the amount of light |
| An ocean current which carries warm water from the equator to Europe is: | The Gulf Stream |
| The greatest variety of ocean life is in the shallowest part of the ocean, above the: | continental shelf |
| These tiny plant-like organisms produce much of the Earth's oxygen and serve as the basis of the ocean ecosystem. | Phytoplankton |
| Phytoplankton, like other plants, need sunlight for photosynthesis, and therefore live: | On the ocean's surface |
| The deepest parts of the ocean are: | trenches |
| It is mostly the pull of the moon's gravity that causes: | tides |
| Underwater mountains caused by plate movements are: | mid-ocean ridges |
| Three types of rock are: | sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous |
| Over a period of time, layers of sediment are pressed together to form these types of rocks: | Sedimentary |
| When molten rock or magma cools below the Earth's surface or cools after erupting from a volcano as lava, this type of rock is formed. | Igneous rock |
| Rocks formed from other types of rocks by intense heat and pressure deep within the Earth are called: | Metamorphic rocks |
| Sedimentary rocks often contain these remains of organisms which tell us a lot about life and Earth in the past. | fossils |
| Scientific evidence indicates the Earth is how old? | 4.6 billion years old |
| The Earth's surface is constantly changing due to heat, pressure, weathering, and erosion. These processes constantly change | The Rock Cycle |
| The two layers of the Earth that are composed mostly of rocky material are: | The crust and mantle |
| The layers composed mostly of iron and nickel: | Inner and outer core |
| Large, continent-sized blocks that move slowly about the Earth's surface due to heat energy is called: | plates |
| Most earthquakes and volcanoes are located at the boundary of the plates, called: | faults |
| Mountain ranges, including the Appalachain mountains, mid-ocean ridges and trenches are caused by: | Plate movements |
| Rocks on the Earth's surface are constantly being broken down by chemical processes, weather, glaciers, and even tree roots. This process is called: | weathering |
| Weather rock material, sand and soil can be moved by water and wind in a process called: | erosion |
| Roots hold soil in place. How can soil erosion be prevented? | by planting trees and other vegetation |
| Mountains are usually caused by: | plate movements |
| Mountains and volcanoes usually form on the ____ between two plates, when the plates push together or split apart. | boundaries |
| Plates that slide against each other are called sliding boundaries. They cause: | earthquakes |
