| A | B |
|---|
| Biology means the study of | life |
| What are the building blocks of all matter? | atoms |
| The nucleus of an atom is made up of ____ and ____ | protons and neutrons |
| Electrons have a ___ charge | negative |
| Protons have a ___ charge | positive |
| Neutrons have a ___ charge | neutral (no) charge |
| Which type of particle orbits the nucleus? | electrons |
| Positively charged particles are attracted to ____ charged particles. | negatively |
| Positively charged particles are repelled by ____ charged particles | positively |
| The large center region of an atom is called the ___ of the atom | nucleus |
| Each element is different because they have a different number of ____. | protons |
| All of the elements are listed in the ____. | periodic table |
| The ____ is equal to the number of protons in an atom. | atomic number |
| The number of protons + the number of neutrons is equal to the ____ | mass number |
| The mass number is equal to the | number of protons and neutrons |
| The atomic number is equal to the number of ____ in an atom | protons |
| If an element has a mass # of 14 and an atomic # of 6, how many protons will it have? Neutrons? | 6 protons and 8 neutrons |
| The most abundant element in Earth's atmosphere is ___. | Nitrogen (= 77% of the atmosphere) |
| The most abundant element in the universe as well as our bodies is called ___. | hydrogen |
| The element that forms the backbone of organic molecules is ___. | carbon |
| Two or more elements bond together to form ____. | compounds |
| A compound which has bonds formed by sharing electrons is called a ___. | molecule (technically, a molecule like oxygen which is made of two oxygen atoms is also a molecule because it is held together with covalent bonds, but it is not a compound because it does not have two or more different elements in it) |
| How many oxygen atoms are in H20? | One (there are two hydrogens) |
| What is the chemical formula for a molecule of glucose? | C6H12O6 (the numbers should be subscripts) |
| In a chemical equation, the _____ are on the left side of the arrow. | reactants |
| In a chemical equation, the ___ are on the right side of the arrow. | products |
| The process of using energy from the sun to make food molecules like glucose is called ____. | photosynthesis, 
|
| What are the products of photosynthesis?,
| food (usually glucose) and oxygen |
| What are the reactants of photosynthesis?,
| water and carbon dioxide |
| Which two molecules are needed for photosynthesis to occur?,
| water and carbon dioxide,
|
| What are the waste products of cellular respiration?,
| carbon dioxide and water,
|
| What are the reactants of cellular respiration?,
| oxygen and glucose |
| Glucose is a type of ____. | sugar |
| A reaction that gives off energy (loses energy) is called an _____ reaction | exothermic,
|
| A reaction that requires more energy than it gives off is called an ___ reaction. | endothermic,
|
| Cellular respiration is an example of an ___ reaction because it releases more energy than is required to get the reaction started.,
| exothermic reaction,
|
| Burning wood is an example of an ____ reaction because it releases more energy than is required to get the reaction started. | exothermic,
|
| Photosynthesis is an example of an ___ reaction because it requires more energy to get the reaction to occur than the energy given off when new bonds form.,
| endothermic,
|
| Atoms or molecules that become charged because they gain or lose electrons are called ___. | ions |
| A uniform mixture of substances is know as a ___. | solution |
| In a glass of salt water, the ___ would be the solvent. | water |
| In a glass of salt water, the ___ would be the solute. | salt |
| In a solution of sugar and water, the sugar would be the ___. | solute |
| In a solution of sugar and water, the water would be the _____. | solvent |
| Acidic solutions have a pH that is ____ seven. | below |
| Basic solutions have a pH that is ___ seven. | above |
| Distilled water has a pH of ___. | seven |
| A liquid with a pH of 1 would be described as being ___. | strongly acidic |
| A liquid with a pH of 6 would be described as being ___. | weakly acidic |
| A liquid with a pH of 8 would be described as being ___. | weakly basic |
| A liquid with a pH of 13 would be described as being ___. | strongly basic |
| As temperature ____, particles move faster and faster | increases |
| As temperature ____ particles move slower and slower. | decreases |
| Increasing the ___ or ___ of the reactants will cause a reaction to speed up. | temperature, concentration |
| A(n) ______ is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction. | catalyst,
|
| A biological catalyst (catalyst made of an organic molecule, usually a protein) is known as ____.,
| an enzyme,
|
| Chemicals that have carbon and hydrogen in them and were produced by once living things are called ___. | organic chemicals |
| All organic chemicals have the elements ____ and ___ in them and most also have ____. | carbon, hydrogen, (most have oxygen also) |
| Water and carbon dioxide are ____ molecules because they don't have a carbon backbone with hydrogen atoms surrounding the carbon. | inorganic |
| The building blocks of larger molecules are known as ____. | monomers |
| Many monomers linked together make up a ____. | polymer |
| A polymer is a large molecule made up of many ____. | monomers |
| The four categories of biological macromolecules are ___, ___, ___, and ___. | carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids,
|
| The type of macromolecule that is used primarily as a source of energy is ___. | carbohydrates,
|
| Bread, pasta, cereal and fruits are high in which type of macromolecule? | carbohydrates,
|
| The monomers of complex carbohydrates are ___. | simple sugars (a.k.a. monosaccharides),
|
| glucose, fructose and galactose are examples of ____. | simple sugars (or monosaccharides),
|
| Sucrose is commonly called ____. | table sugar |
| Sucrose is a type of carbohydrate made of glucose bonded to fructose. Therefore, it is a ___. | disaccharide |
| Another term for simple sugars is ___. | monosaccharides,
|
| Many monosaccharides bonded together are called a ____. | polysaccharide,
|
| Lactose is a type of _____ found in milk. | sugar |
| Lactose can be broken down into galactose and glucose by the enzyme known as ___. | lactase |
| Plants store their carbohydrates as the polysaccharide known as ____.,
| starch |
| Animals store carbohydrates in their liver and muscles as the polysaccharide known as ___.,
| glycogen,
|
| The cell walls of plants are made of the polysaccharide known as ____. | cellulose,
|
| ____ is a tough polysaccharide that can only be broken down by bacteria and some fungi. | Cellulose |
| There is a lot of cellulose in the plant cell walls of grass. It is very difficult to breakdown into the simple sugars that make it up. Therefore, cows rely on _____ in their stomach to break it down for them.,
| bacteria |
| Glycogen is stored in an animal's ___ and ____.,
| muscles and liver |
| Starch, glycogen and cellulose are all types of ___.,
| carbohydrates,
|
| Sugars are classified as ___. | carbohydrates,
|
| The type of macromolecule that is used mostly for building structures in an organism is called ___.,
| protein |
| Hormones are usually made of ___. | protein (Although some hormones, like testosterone and estrogen are actually a type of lipid called a steroid) |
| The building blocks of proteins are ____. | amino acids,
|
| The monomers of proteins are ___. | amino acids,
|
| A long straight chain of amino acids is called a ____.,
| polypeptide |
| A polypeptide that folds into a 3-D structure that has a specific function is called a(n) ___.,
| protein |
| Lean meat is highest in the macromolecule known as ____.,
| protein |
| The most important quality of an enzyme is its ___.,
| shape. |
| A protein whose shape has been changed due to heat or harsh chemicals is known as a(n) ____ protein. | denatured |
| An enzyme ____ a chemical reaction without being changed itself. | speeds up (this also applies to catalysts in general) |
| DNA and RNA are types of ____ | nucleic acids,
|
| The type of molecule that stores genetic information is called ___. | DNA |
| The monomers of nucleic acids are ____. | nucleotides,
|
| DNA is made up of four different types of ____. | nucleotides |
| adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine are ____ | nucleotides |
| The order of nucleotides in DNA determines the order of ____ in a _______,
| amino acids, protein,
|
| A change in the order of nucleotides in DNA is known as a ____.,
| mutation |
| A type of nucleic acid that is single-stranded is ___.,
| RNA |
| A type of nucleic acid that is double stranded is ___.,
| DNA |
| Fats, oils, and waxes are classified as ___. | lipids |
| The main function of lipids in an animal's body is to ____. | store energy for later use |
| Red meats, dairy and fried foods are high in the type of macromolecules known as ___. | lipids |
| The building blocks of most lipids are ___ . | 3 fatty acids and glycerol |
| Fats that are solid at room temperature and are not particularly good for you are a type called ___. | saturated fats |
| Fats that are liquid at room temperature and are considered healthy to eat are called ___. | unsaturated fats |
| Phospholipids make up the majority of the ___. | cell membrane |
| Cell membranes are made up of mostly ___. | phospholipids |
| Enzymes are almost always made of ____.,
| proteins (although some enzymes are actually made of RNA) |
| The chemical or chemicals that an enzyme works on is called the ___.,
| substrate |
| The part of the enzyme that the substrate fits into is called the ___. | active site |
| Steroids are classified as _______. | lipids,  |
| Lipids with a ring structure are called ______ | steroids.,  |
| Some steroids, like testosterone and estrogen, can act as ______. | hormones (hormones are any molecule that travels through the blood stream and connects with another cell to give it a message. Usually they are proteins, like insulin) |
| A(n) _____ is any substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up. | catalyst |
| What do you call something that can split an electron? | A Chuck Norris roundhouse kick!,  |
