| A | B |
|---|
| Outer Banks | long chain of sandbars off the coast of NC |
| Coastal Plain | broad flat region in NC that stretches 100 to 150 miles inland to the coast |
| Piedmont | hilly region between the coastal plain and mountains in NC |
| Columbian Exchange | the movement of living things between the Eastern and Western hemispheres |
| Francis Drake | English sea captain who raided ships and circled the globe |
| Walter Raleigh | founder of the first attempted English colony in North America |
| John White Colony | The Lost Colony, Raleigh's last attempt to plant a colony in North America |
| joint-stock company | business owned by many people |
| Jamestown | first successful English colony in North America |
| House of Burgesses | the group of elected officials in Jamestown |
| Puritans | people who wanted to purify the church of England |
| Separatists | people who wanted to separate from the church of England |
| Pilgrims | people who make a journey for religious reasons |
| Mayflower Compact | written plan of government for the Pilgrims |
| triangular trade | triangle shaped trading routes between the colonies, West Indies, Africa and Europe |
| plantations | large farm on which crops are grown for sale and on which the people who raise the crops live |
| naval stores | products from pine trees used in shipbuilding |
| quitrent | land tax used by the Proprietors to help cover the cost of governing the colony |
| Culpeppers Rebellion | uprising in NC in which the popular party took over the government |
| popular party | NC group who believed the government should represent the will of the people |
| prerogative party | NC group who believed that government should be independent of the people |
| Cary's Rebellion | armed rebellion led by former governor Thomas Cary against Governor Edward Hyde |
| Lords Proprietors | 8 men who were the owners and rulers of NC originally |
| Highland Scots | people from the mountainous part of Scotland |
| backcountry | area of thinly populated settlements from the fall line to the mountains |
| Pennsylvania Dutch | German speaking people who settled the backcountry of NC |
| Scots-Irish | Scottish who were sent to Northern Ireland but encouraged to leave there for America |
| gentry | top of society |
| landed gentry | gentry who owned large tracts of land |
| militia | force of volunteer soldiers |
| cash crops | crops sold for a profit, especially tobacco, cotton, corn |
| sectionalism | strong loyalty to the region where a person lives |
| Granville District | large parcel of land granted to Lord Granville |
| Regulators | group of people who regulated abuses of power in NC |
| Battle of Alamance | regulators fought against NC militia, regulators lost ending the movement |
| French and Indian War | French and Native Americans fought against British |
| Proclamation of 1763 | British measure that prevented settlement west of the Appalachians |
| Quartering Act | required colonists to feed and shelter British Troops |
| Stamp Act | required colonists to pay for stamps on taxable paper goods |
| Townshend Acts | tax on items such as tea and glass |
| Sugar Act | tax on luxury items such as wine and silk |
| treason | betrayal of ones country |
| boycott | refusal to buy certain items |
| Boston Massacre | British soldiers opened fire on protesters killing 5 |
| Intolerable Acts | put Massachusetts under military control |
| minutemen | colonists ready to fight at a minutes notice |
| Loyalist | colonist who sided with Britain |
| Patriot | colonist who wanted independence |
| Continental Congress | group of colonists who met and voted to declare independence from Britain |
| Declaration of Independence | document that declared the independence of the United States from Great Britain |
| Mecklenburg Resolves | document created by Mecklenburg County colonists that created an independent local government |
| Halifax Resolves | document created in Halifax county NC that declared independence |
| Yorktown | final battle in American Revolution where Lord Charles Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington |
| Treaty of Paris | treaty that formally ended the revolutionary war |
| Articles of Confederation | first attempt at a new constitution that divided power between national and state governments but gave most power to the states |
| Great Compromise | compromise that created a two house congress |
| 3/5's Compromise | stated that slaves would be counted as 3/5's of a person towards taxes and representation |
| electors | people that vote for the president |
| Federalist | people who supported a strong national government |
| Anti-Federalists | people who wanted to limit the power of the national government |
| Bill of Rights | first 10 amendments to the Constitution, guarantee basic human rights |
| checks and balances | balancing power between branches of government |
| Louisiana Purchase | purchase made by Thomas Jefferson from France that doubled the size of the US |
| Lewis and Clark Expedition | explored the Northern part of the Louisiana Purchase |
| Archibald Murphey | NC reformer who fought for reforms in public education, internal improvements and constitutional reform |
| literary fund | fund set up to establish a public school system |
| Whig Party | party whose members backed internal improvements and other reforms |
| Trail of Tears | journey of the Cherokee from the Southeast to Oklahoma in which many died |
| Missouri Compromise | brought Missouri in to the US as a slave state and Maine as a free state, drew an imaginary line in the US, anything above the line would be free, below would be slave |
| slave codes | forbade the education of slaves and kept them from leaving their owners land without permission |
| abolition | end to slavery |
| fugitive slave law | forced people to return runaway slaves |
| Underground Railroad | route to freedom for southern slaves to the north |
| popular sovereignty | system in which residents vote to resolve issues |
| Dred Scott vs. Sanford | supreme court decisions that said slaves were property, not citizens |
| Confederate States of America | new nation formed by seceded southern states |
| Fort Sumter | first battle of the US Civil War |
| Battle of Antietam | single bloodiest battle in the civil war |
| Emancipation Proclamation | freed slaves in the south during the civil war |
| Reconstruction | rebuilding of the south after the civil war |
| 13th Amendment | amendment that made slavery illegal |
| black codes | said african americans couldn't own guns or meet after sunset, after the civil war |
| 14th Amendment | made african americans citizens |
| 15th Amendment | gave african americans the right to vote |
| carpetbaggers | northerners looking to make money in the south after the civil war |
| Industrial Revolution | time when manufacturing changed from handmade to machine made |
| monopoly | complete control of an industry by one person or company |
| urbanization | movement of people from rural areas to cities |
| populism | political philosophy focused on meeting the needs of the people during the Industrial Revolution |
| progressivism | reform movement during the Industrial Revolution wanting to solve political, economic and social problems in the cities |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | outlawed monopolies |
| immigration | movement of people from other countries to the US |
| tenements | large apartment buildings with tiny rooms |
| tenent farming/sharecropping | people farm on land that belongs to someone else |
| Panama Canal | canal that connects the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans |
| Central Powers | Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire during WWI |
| Allied Powers | Serbia, France, Great Britain, Russia, Japan, and US during WWI |
| Zimmerman Telegram | message sent to Mexico from Germany urging them to declare war on the US |
| communism | system in which the people own all land, factories, and businesses |
| Bolsheviks | group led by Lenin who took over Russia and established communism |
| buying on margin | buying a stock buy paying some cash and borrowing the rest of the money |
| Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929, the day the stock market crashed, marked the beginning of the Great Depression |
| Great Depression | worldwide economic downturn |
| The New Deal | FDR's plan to pull America out of the Great Depression |
| anti-Semitism | persecution of the Jews |
| Adolf Hitler | leader of Germany during WWII |
| totalitarianism | government has total control over the people |
| Lend-Lease Act | US would lend and lease materials to Allied Nations |
| D-Day | Allied invasion of France, turning point in WWII |
| Holocaust | killing of 6 million Jews by the Nazis |
| Nuremburg Trials | Nazi leaders being put on trial for crimes committed during the holocaust |
| Manhattan Project | top secret program to build the atomic bomb |
| torpedo junction | nickname for NC coast during WWII because of German submarine activity |
| Research Triangle Park | 5000 acres in NC that provide a place for industry and research to come together |
| segregation | separation of races in society |
| Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka | Supreme Court decision that ruled that separate schools for whites and blacks was unconstitutional |
| Rosa Parks | Refused to give up her bus seat to a white passenger |
| Martin Luther King Jr. | Leader of the Civil Rights movement |
| sit-ins | protest in which people refuse to move from a place until demands are met |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | law that banned segregation and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commision |
| Voting Rights Act | banned laws designed to keep blacks from voting |
| Cold War | United States fight against USSR to prevent the spread of Communism to other countries |
| Korean War | conflict to keep communist North Korea out of South Korea |
| domino theory | if a country falls to communism, nearby countries would also fall |
| Vietnam War | conflict to prevent Communist North Vietnam from taking over all of Vietnam under Communism |
| Jim Crow Laws | ruling that was supposed to establish separate but equal public facilities for blacks and whites in the US |
