| A | B |
|---|
| physical,chemical,biological,insidious/radiation | Four major types of hazards |
| fire, electricity sharp objects, Heavy objects and wet floor ect | source of physical hazard |
| burns, electric shock, cuts, punctures, back and other body injury | common incidents of physical hazards |
| Automatic sprinkler system, fire hoses fire blankets, fire extinguishers | What are necessary equipment for general fire fighting includes |
| green, ordinary combustibles such as wood and paper. | Class A extinguishers |
| Red) should be used on fire involving flammable liquids, such as grease, gasoline, oil, ect. | class B extinguisher |
| blue, use on electircally energized fires. this class of fire extinguisher does not have a numerical rating. C stands for non conductive | class C extinguisher |
| yellow, used on flammable metals and are often specific for the type of metal in question. no ratings for class d extinguishers | Class D extinguisher |
| heat, oxygen, and fuel | Fire requires 3 factors to burn |
| heat | removed by cooling the burning substance to below its ignition temperature |
| oxygen | removed or reduced by reducing air from the surface of the fire |
| fuel | removed in some cases by stopping the flow or removing the fuel to a place where there is no flame |
| P A S S | Pull, aim, squeeze, and sweep. keep extinguisher upright, pull locking pin out, aim nozzle at base of flame, squeeze operating handle, use rapid side to side sweeping motion with the nozzle, keep 8 feet away, never turn your back on fire, and fire extinguisher must be recharged yearly |
| use only grounded plus, never use multiple adapters, never use frayed cut or cracked cords or plugs, never use plugs that fit loosely in a socket, inspection or repair of disabled electric equipment should be left to trained professionals | What are the steps taken to avoid electric shock |
| Corrosive | strong acis and strong bases, it will injure body tissues by contact or corrode metal. tissue damage may be mild or severe |
| Caustic | By contact these chemicals can burn, eat away, or destroy tissue(acetic acid) |
| Poisonous | chemicals that cause immediate death if ingested |
| carcinogenic | chemicals known to cause cancer to humans or laboratory animals |
| mutagenic | causes genetic mutation, many mutations cause cancer, mutagens are typically also carcinogens |
| reactive and volatile | when mixed with other chemicals can cause undesirable reaction and explosions |
| flamable and combustible | can catch fire easily |
| Burns | to injure damage by chemical fire,: |
| scald | to burn w moist heat in the form of hot liquid steam |
| hydrochloric acid | Corrosive can cause burns on skin vapour inhalation should be avoided |
| Nitric Acid | Releases yellow fumes, which are extremely toxi and damaging to tissue. |
| Inhalation, Absorption, Skin, ingestion | routes od entry that hazardous materials in workplace may cause disease in the body |
| arranged alphabetically to make it easy to locate a certain chemical | how chemicals stored in the lab |
| plcae bottle in sink, Wrap absorbent tower or cloth over neck, Open carefully | store handle and disposal should follow |
| wear safety goggles, rubber gloves, and rubber apron | General rules to store chemicals in the lab |
| never dispose of several chemical at the same time before checking their reactivity data. When disposing of toxic chemicals down the drain rapidly flowing water must be used to flush the pipes. spills are dangerous isolate the spill with absorbent material | what are the rules for chemical disposal |
| safety gloves, eye shield, face shield, automatic pipettes, acid bottle carries | Safety and personal protective equipment consist of |
| heavy rubber gloves should be worn | safety gloves |
| eye shields must be worn when using | Eye shields |
| face shields must be worn | Face shields |
| Carries or laminar flow hoods, these rubber bucket are used when carrying large bottles of acid base or toxic chemicals from one area of the lab to another | Acid bottle |
| Class 1- Ventilated, Class 2,-Laminar, Class 3- Biological Safety Cabinet Totally Enclosed | types of biological safety cabinets |
| a further group of hazardous substances could be termed insidious hidden hazard | what are insidious hazards |
| grinding, blending, sonicating, centrifuging, resuspending packed cells or viruses inserting a hot loop into a culture flaming an inoculation loop so that it sputters forceful ejection from a pipette or syringe opening a tube containing lyophilised material releasing the vacuum on a freeze dryer, Opening a tube where the air pressure is fifferent from that of the surrounding environment | laboratory procedures that can create aerosols include |
| capping specimens or sealed centrifuge | what equipment will protect you from aerosols |
| fume (cupboard) should be used for toxic substance , failing this , a well- ventilated room could be used. all exposed skin areas should be covered | what equipment will protect you from toxic subtances |
| the atomic energy control act of ontario | standard precaution do not cover radiation guidelines are laid out by |
| distance between the source of radiation and the individual-maximize distance. 20 amount of time of exposure minimize time 3)type of shielding or protection used incorporate shielding | the degree of radiation exposure depends on three factors |
| asepsis - free from infection or pathogens 2)medical aspesis 3)microorganisms | biological hazards consist of |
| proper nutrition, oxygen, optimum temperature for each microorganism most of them darkness, moisture, pit most like neutral | what are the requirements for organisms growth |
| susceptible, reservoir host (source of infection) -> means of exist -> means of transmission -> means of entry | the infection process cycle involve continues cycle |
| Threshold Limit Value. The highest allowable air concentration of a chemical in which workers may work for many years (8 hours a day, 40 hours per week) without negative health effects. | TLV |
| 15 minutes "Short Term Exposure Limit" which should not be exceeded at any time during the working day and not be repeated more than four times per day | TLV-STEL |
| Intravenously test animals kills half of them | what is Lethal dose 50% kill |
| Concentration of toxicant inhaled by test anomals for a known period of time, which kill half of them. | L.C 50% Kills |
| unauthorize smoking, electrical faults open flames and flammale solvent and materials, Explosive chemical or vapours, statie electricity | What could cause fire ay the lab |
| Focus or task at hand | steps that are used to prevent sharp objects accident |
| Sulfuric Acid | Corrosive, may cause blindness, if ingested may couse sever burns |
| Acetic Acid | Severely caustic, continuous ecposure to vapours can lead to chronic bronchitis |
| Storing and handling of acids | Acids are stored in glass bottle. bottle stored on shelves should not have a capacity greater then 500 ml |
| Storing and handling of base Alkalis | Store in plastic comtainers, not glass( they from silicates), do not store with acid or reactive chemical |
| Phenol | Liqud phenol causes burns with blanching of the skin. use ethyl alcohol (absolute) which neutralixe the phenol by forming an ester. |
| Bromine Ampules | Usually used in laboratories. bromine is poisonous and cause burns it reacts violently with most liquids |
| Iodine | does not react violently, but one should take care and wear protective latex gloves when handlinf Iodine |
| Reactive chemical | Explosives, acid sensitive substances, pyrophor and organic substances |
| Proper nutrition | Autotrophs(feed on inorganic or non living and heterotrophs ( feed on organic or living substance |
| Oxygen, Aerobes | used Oxygen and Anaerobes ( do not need Oxygen |
| Optimum Temperature for each microorganism | 37C or 98f |
| Communicable disease | An infection spread from people to people and about 5% of patients contrace an infection after being in hospital |
| Nosocomial or iatrogenic | infection occur from contact with other infection patients, employees, visitors or conteminated equipment |
| Strict Isolation | highly contagious or virulent infections that may be spread by both air and contact like chicken pox |
| Enteric Isolation | used to prevent infections that are transmitted by direct or indirect contact with feces like Salmonella |
| Wound and skin precautions Isolation | Transmition of infection by direct contact |
| Respiratory Isolation | designed to prevent transmissiom of infections through droplet or airborne means |
| Reverse isolation | To protect the patients from infection, Weak immune system like AIDS |
