| A | B |
|---|
| abdominal sonography | ultrasound test of the abdominal cavity in which the size and structure of organs can be visualized |
| abdominoperineal resection | removal of distal colon and rectum through both abdominal and perineal approaches |
| adhesion | abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally separated |
| anastomosis | surgical connection between two normally distinct structures |
| ascites | abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
| bariatric surgery | surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity |
| barium enema | series of x-ray images taken of the large intestine after a barium enema has been administred |
| celiac disease | malabsorption syndrome casued by an immune reaction to gluten which may damage the lining of the small intestine |
| cirrhosis | chronic disease of liver with gradual destruction of cells |
| Crohn disease | chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and colon |
| diarrhea | frequent discharge of liquid stool |
| duodenal ulcer | erosion of mucous membrane in the duodenum |
| dysentery | disorder of inflammation of intestine associated with diarrhea & abdominal pain |
| emesis | expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth |
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | radiographic examination of biliary duct and pancreatic ducts with contrast media using an endoscope |
| endoscopic ultrasound | procedure using an endoscope fitted with an ultrasound probe that provides images of layers of intestinal wall |
| enema | introduction of fluids/medications into rectum and large intestine |
| fecal occult blood test | a test to detect occult blood in feces |
| feces | waste from the digestive tract expelled thru the rectum |
| flatus | gas in digestive tract or expelled through the anus |
| gastric lavage | washing out of the stomach |
| gastric ulcer | ulcer in the stomach |
| gavage | process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube |
| Helicobacter pylori antibodies test | blood test to determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria |
| hematemesis | vomiting of blood |
| hematochezia | passage of blood feces |
| hemochromatosis | iron metabolism disorder that occurs when too much iron is absorbed from food, resulting in excessive deposits of iron in the tissue |
| hemorrhoid | varicose vein in the rectal area |
| hemorrhoidectomy | excision of varicosed veins in the rectal region |
| ileus | obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis |
| intussusception | telescoping of a segment of the intestine |
| irritable bowel syndrome | periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation |
| malabsorption | impaired digestion or intestinal absorption of nutrients |
| melena | black, tarry stool that contains digested blood; usually a result of bleeding the upper GI tract |
| nausea | urge to vomit |
| obesity | excess of body fat |
| palpate | to examine by hand; to feel |
| peptic ulcer | another name for gastric of duodenal ulcer |
| peristalsis | wavelike movements of intestines |
| peritoneum | lining of the abdominal cavity |
| polyp | tumor like growth extending outward from a mucous membrane |
| reflux | return of flow |
| retrograde | in the opposite direction |
| stoma | surgical opening between an organ and the surface of the body, such as the opening established in the abdominal wall by colostomy, ileostomy, or a similar operation |
| ulcerative colitis | inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers athat produces bloody diarrhea |
| upper GI | series x-ray films-of the stomach & duodenum after barium swallow |
| vagotomy | cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve |
| volvulus | twisting or kinking of the intestine, bowel obstruction |
| vomiting | matter expelled from the stomach thru the mouth |
| abdominal | pertaining to the abdomen |
| abdominocentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from abdominal cavity |
| abdominoplasty | plastic repair of the abdomen |
| anal | pertaining to the anus |
| anoplasty | surgical repair of the anus |
| antrectomy | surgical removal of the antrum |
| apepsia | without digestion |
| aphagia | inability to swallow |
| appendectomy | excision of the appendix |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
| bradypepsia | slow digestion |
| celiac | pertaining to the abdomen |
| celiotomy | incision into the abdominal cavity |
| cheilorrhaphy | suture of the lips |
| cholangiogram | x-ray film of bile ducts |
| cholangiography | radiographic imaging of the bile ducts |
| cholangioma | tumor of the bile duct |
| cholangiopancreatography | process of x-ray filming the bile duct and pancreatic duct |
| cholecystectomy | excision of the gallbladder |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| cholecystogram | x-ray film of the gallbladder |
| choledocholithiasis | condition of stones in the common bile duct |
| choledocholithotomy | incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone |
| cholelithiasis | condition of gallstones |
| colectomy | excision of the colon |
| colitis | inflammation of the colon |
| colonoscope | instrument used for visual examination of the colon |
| colonoscopy | visual examination of the colon |
| colorectal | pertaining to the colon and rectum |
| colostomy | artificial opening through the abdominal wall into the colon |
| CT colonography | radiographic imaging of the colon using a CT scanner |
| diverticulectomy | excision of a diverticulum |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of the diverticula |
| diverticulosis | abnormal condition of having diverticula |
| duodenal | pertaining to the 1st part of small intestine |
| dyspepsia | difficult digestion |
| dyspeptic | pertaining to difficult digestions |
| dysphagia | difficult swallowing |
| endoscope | instrument used for visual examination of a hollow organ |
| endoscopic | pertatining to visual examination of a hollow organ |
| endoscopy | visual examination within a hollow organ |
| enteropathy | disease of intestine |
| enteropathy | disease of the intestine |
| enterorrhaphy | suture of the intestine |
| esophageal | pertaining to the esophagus |
| esophagitis | inflammation of the esophagus |
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy | visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
| esophagogastroplasty | surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach |
| esophagogram | radiographic image of the esophagus |
| esophagoscope | instrument used for visual examination of the esophagus |
| esophagoscopy | visual examination of the esophagus |
| gastralgia | pain in the stomach |
| gastrectomy | surgical removal of the stomach |
| gastric | pertaining to the stomach |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| gastrodynia | pain in the stomach |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and intestines |
| gastroenterocolitis | inflammation of the stomach, intestines and colon |
| gastroenterologist | specialist who care for patient with diseases of the stomach and intestines |
| gastroenterology | study of diseases of stomacha dn instestines |
| gastrojejunostomy | creation of an artificial opening between stomach and jejunum |
| gastromalacia | softening of the stomach |
| gastroplasty | surgical repair of he stomach |
| gastroscope | instrument used for visual examination of the stomach |
| gastroscopy | visual examination of the stomach |
| gastrostomy | creation of artificial opening thru abd. wall into stomach |
| gingivectomy | surgical removal of gum tissue |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| glossitis | inflammation of the tongue |
| glossopathy | disease of the tongue |
| glossorrhaphy | suture of the tongue |
| hemicolectomy | excision of half of the colon |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| hepatoma | tumor of the liver |
| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| herniorrhaphy | suturing of a hernia |
| hypoglossal | pertatining to under the tongue |
| ileal | pertaining to the 3rd part of small intestine |
| ileocecal | pertaining to the ileum and cecum |
| ileostomy | creation of artificial opening through abdominal wall into 3rd portion of small intestine |
| laparoscope | instrument for visual examination of the abdominal cavity |
| laparoscopy | process of visual exam of the abdominal cavity |
| laparotomy | incision into the abdominal wall |
| nasogastric | pertaining to the nose and stomach |
| oral | pertaining to the mouth |
| palatitis | inflammation of the roof of mouth |
| palatoplasty | surgical repair of the roof of the mouth |
| pancreatic | pertaining to the pancreas |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| peritoneal | pertaining to the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity |
| polypectomy | excision of a small growth extending from mucous membrane |
| polyposis | abnormal condition of tumor-like growth extending from mucous membrane |
| proctologist | physician who specializes in disorders of the rectum and anus |
| proctology | branch of med. concerned with disorders of the rectum and anus |
| proctoptosis | prolaspe of the rectum |
| proctoscope | instrument used for visual examination of the rectum |
| proctoscopy | visual examination of the rectum |
| pyloromyotomy | incision into the pylorus muscle |
| pyloroplasty | surgical repair of the pylorus |
| rectal | pertaining to the rectum |
| rectocele | protrusion of the rectum |
| sialolith | stone in the salivary gland |
| sigmoidoscope | instrument used for visual examination of the sigmoid colon |
| sigmoidoscopy | visual examination of the sigmoid colon |
| steatohepatitis | inflammation of the liver associated with fat |
| steatorrhea | discharge of fat in the stool |
| steatosis | abnormal condition of fat |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the oral cavity |
| stomatogastric | pertaining to the mouth and stomach |
| sublingual | pertaining to under the tongue |
| uvulectomy | excision of the soft mass at the back of the mouth |
| uvulitis | inflam. of the soft mass that hangs from roof of back of mouth |
| uvulopalatopharyngoplasty | surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx |
| uvuloplasty | surgical repair of the soft mass that hangs from the roof of the back of the mouth |
| lingual | pertaining to the tongue |
| jejunal | pertaining to the 2nd portion of the small intestine |
