| A | B |
|---|
| Booker T. Washington | Early civil rights leader who advocated vocational education and not immediate integration |
| Ida B. Wells | Early civil rights leader who crusaded against lynching |
| W.E.B. DuBois | Early civil rights leader who advocated higher education and demanded immediate equality |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | The Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" did not violate the 14th Amendment |
| 13th Amendment | This outlawed slavery in the United States |
| 14th Amendment | This made all African-Americans citizens and was to extend equal protection under state laws |
| 15th Amendment | This was to extend suffrage to Black men. |
| Dred Scott Decision | The Supreme Court ruled that blacks were not citizens, and living in a free territory did not make a person free |
| Jim Crow Laws | laws forcing separation of the races in public places in the South after Reconstruction |
| Segregation | The separation of races in public facilities in the South |
| Great Migration | The movement of rural African-Americans to Northern cities to find jobs |
| Brown v. Board of Education | In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools was not constitutional |
| Thurgood Marshall | The NAACP lawyer who argued the Brown case |
| Oliver Hill | The Virginia NAACP lawyer who fought for integration of Virginia schools |
| Massive Resistance | Backlash to the Brown decision, VA schools refused to integrate |
| NAACP | Founded to fight for equality, they led the fight for integration of public schools |
| March on Washington | 1963, Dr. King led thousands of protesters to bring attention to the need for the Civil Rights Act |
| I Have a Dream | The speech given by Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1963- pleading for equality |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | The act prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender and desegregated public accommodations. |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Outlawed literacy tests and Federal registrars were sent to the South to register voters which increased African American voters. |
| Civil Rights Movement | The general term used for the fight of minorities to achieve equal rights. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | Civil Rights leader of the 1950’s and 60’s associated with civil disobedience and non-violence |
| Non-violence | Peaceful protest for change, advocated by Martin Luther King, Jr. |
| Lyndon Johnson | President associated with signing the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act as part of the "Great Society" |
| Discrimination | Treating one group of people differently from another |
| Rosa Parks | Civil Rights activist who helped kick off the Montgomery Bus Boycott |
| Montgomery Bus Boycott | Refusal to accept segregation, this peaceful movement was very successful |
| Sit-ins | Peaceful protest where blacks would "forcibly" occupy previously segregated space- resulting in awareness of plight |
| Civil Disobedience | The refusal to obey an unjust law, peacefully accepting consequences |
| Malcolm X | Black Muslim leader who advocated immediate equality and separation of races |
| Selma March | This peaceful action led to the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, even though it ended violently by the police |
| Affirmative Action | Actively and aggressively hiring and promoting women and minorities to make up for past discriminatory practices |
| Quota | Requiring a minimum amount of women and minorities to be accepted or employed |
| Bakke Case | The Supreme Court ruled that race could be one factor but not the only factor in hiring or accepting applicants |
| Reverse Discrimination | When the majority group is denied equal opportunity |
| De facto segregation | Separation of races by choice (socially or economically) |
| John F. Kennedy | President who helped focus national attention on Civil Rights, but did little for the fight itself |
| Black Power | The more militant Civil Rights movement which was impatient with non-violent protest |
