| A | B |
|---|
| THE NORTH | An urban society -- people held jobs |
| THE SOUTH | An agricultural society - people lived in small villages and on farms and plantations. |
| A MAJOR NORTH - SOUTH CONFLICT | States' rights vs strong central government |
| TARRIFS | A tax on imports - Protected factory owners and workers from foreign competition - favored by North, opposed by South |
| SOUTH'S VIEW ON THE POWER OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT | They believed that states had the power to declare any national law illegal |
| North's view on power of the federal government | They believed that the national government's power was supreme over that of the states. |
| North's view of slavery | They believed that slavery should be abolished for moral reasons |
| South's view of slavery | They believed that the abolition of slavery would destroy their region's economy |
| Missouri Compromise (1820) | Resulted in Missouri becoming a slave state; Maine, a free state |
| Compromise of l850 | Resulted in California becoming a free state. Southwest territories would decide about slavery themselves |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Result - People would decide the slavery issue ("popular sovereignty"). |
| Three compromises attempting to solve differences between the North and South | Missouri Compromise (1820), Compromise of l850, Kansas-Nebraska Act |
| This occured after Lincoln's election. | Southern states seceded from the Union |
| Marked the beginning of the Civil War | Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina |
Abraham Lincoln,  | He issued the Emancipation Proclamation --Determined to preserve the Union by force if necessary |
| Gettysburg Address | Lincoln wrote that the Civil War was to preserve a government "of the people, by the people, and for the people." |
Jefferson Davis,  | President of the Confederate States of America |
Ulysses S. Grant,  | General of the Union army --defeated Lee |
Robert E. Lee,  | Leader of the Army of Northern Virginia-–Opposed secession, but did not believe the union should be held together by force |
Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson,  | A skilled Confederate general from Virginia |
| Frederick Douglass | A former slave who escaped to the North and became an abolitionist |
| The firing on Fort Sumter, S.C | Event that began the Civil War |
| The first Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) | The first major battle of the Civil War |
| The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation | This made "freeing the slaves" the new focus of the war |
| The Battle of Vicksburg | This battle divided the South; the North controlled the Mississippi River |
| The Battle of Gettysburg | Battle for control of the high ground. The turning point of the war; the North repelled Lee's invasion |
Appomattox Court House,  | Lee's surrender to Grant in 1865 ended the war |
| Savannah, Charleston, New Orleans | The Union blockaded southern ports here |
| Vicksburg | Battle for control of the Mississippi River |
| Richmond; Washington, D.C | Confederate and Union capitals -Battles here were struggles to capture capital cities |
| Clara Barton | A Civil War nurse, created the American Red Cross |
| Women | They were left to run businesses in the North and farms and plantations in the South |
| Confederate money | It became worthless after the collapse of the Confederacy |
| African Americans | They fought in both the Confederate and Union armies |
| Robert Smalls | A sailor and later a Union naval captain, was highly honored for his feats of bravery and heroism. He became a Congressman after the Civil War. |
| 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments | These addressed the issues of slavery and guaranteed equal protection under the law for all citizens |
| 13th Amendment | Banned slavery in the United States and any of its territories |
| 14th Amendment | Granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States and guaranteed them equal protection under the law |
| 15th Amendment | Ensured all citizens the right to vote regardless of race or color or previous condition of servitude |
| Reconstruction policies | Harsh policies toward the South-- created problems in the South. |
| Northern carpetbaggers | Took advantage of the South during Reconstruction--Southerners resented them |
| Civil Rights Act of 1866 | African Americans gained equal rights -authorized the use of federal troops for its enforcement |
