| A | B |
|---|
| What was the cause of the American Revolution? | taxation without representation in Parliament |
| What principle of American government divides powers between the national government and the state governments? | federalism |
| What is it called when nations produce the goods that they can produce most cheaply and trade for the other goods that they don't produce themselves? | comparative advantage |
| When people have unlimited wants for limited resources what is it called? | scarcity |
| What characteristic of the free market economy gives consumers more product choices and better prices? | competition |
| What is it called when companies close their production facilities in the U.S. and transfer the production to new facilities overseas? | outsourcing |
| Which economic activity are most American jobs involved in? | services |
| What do you call the groups of citizens that are focused on a specific political or public policy issue? | interest groups |
| What are the people hired by interest groups to influence elected officials called? | lobbyists |
| Which political party supported a stronger central government and the ratification of the Constitution? | Federalists |
| Which political party was against the Constitution because it would give the national government increased powers? | Anti-Federalists |
| Which principle in the 1st Amendment protects religious freedom? | separation of church and state |
| Which house of Congress can impeach the president? | House of Representatives |
| Which house of Congress has the sole power to originate spending (appropriations) bills? | House of Representatives |
| What might a labor union do if an employer won't accept their proposals for higher wages or increased benefits? | strike |
| Which house of Congress has the power to approve/disapprove of the president's appointees to the federal courts? | Senate |
| Which house of Congress has the power to remove the president in an impeachment trial? | Senate |
| Which house of Congress has the power to approve/disapprove of treaties? | Senate |
| Which part of the 5th and 14th Amendment guarantees citizens that they will not be punished unless it is proven that they are guilty of a crime? | due process |
| What economic activity are the companies in North Carollina's RTP (Research Triangle Park) involved in? | research and technology |
| What is it called when the production of a good or service is divided into separate special tasks? | division of labor |
| Who owns the property and inputs used for production in a free market economic system? | individuals and businesses |
| Which economic system gives people the greatest freedom to choose? | free market |
| What motivates people's actions in a free market economic system? | profit or self interest |
| Which economic system is characterized by free enterprise? | free market economy |
| What determines prices in a free market economy? | supply and demand |
| Which input/factor of production is the work done by people? | labor |
| Which input/factor of production is the money, tools, machines, and buildings used to produce a product? | capital |
| Which input/factor of production is the creative ideas and management of the business owner? | entrepreneurship |
| Which input/factor of production is the natural resources used to make a product? | land or natural resources |
| List the duties that every American citizen is required to do | obey the law, pay taxes, jury duty |
| Which duty of American citizenship are males over the age of 18 required to do? | defend the nation (sign up with selective service) |
| Which responsibilities should every American citizen do? | stay informed, vote, volunteer |
| Which court has original jurisdiction over trials involving federal cases? | U.S. District court |
| Which court has original jurisdiction over cases involving misdemeanors and less lawsuits (involving less than $10,000) in North Carolina? | N.C. District court |
| Which court has original jurisdiction over cases involving felonies and larger lawsuits (involving more than $10,000) in North Carolina? | N.C. Superior court |
| Which document established a weak national government for the United States after the American Revolution? | Articles of Confederation |
| Which document replaced the Articles of Confederation by establishing a stronger union between the states and a stronger central goverment? | U.S. Constitution |
| What is the primary source of revenue for the state government of North Carolina? | state income taxes |
| What is the primary source of tax revenue for counties and municipalities (cities)? | property taxes |
| What is the primary source of tax revenue for the federal government? | federal income taxes |
| What pays for the Social Security and Medicare benefits that retired people receive? | payroll (FICA) taxes |
| What is the main expenditure for state and local governments? | welfare and education |
| What is the main expenditure for the U.S. government? | entitlement programs (Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid) |
| According to the law of supply, what will producers do when price rises | produce more (so they can make bigger profits) |
| According to the law of demand, what will consumers do when price falls | buy more |
| What is the market or "equilibrium" price? | price where quantity supplied=quantity demanded |
| What type of law deals with lawsuits? | civil law |
| What do you call law that is based on precedent (past court decisions)? | common law |
| What is it called when one party files an official complaint against another party in court for wrongdoing? | lawsuit |
| Who elects the president of the United States? | electoral college |
| What does a presidential candidate need to receive in order to win a presidential election? | a majority (270 votes) in the electoral college |
| How does a presidential candidate win the electoral votes of a states? | by getting the most votes (plurality) in the state |
| How are the number of electoral votes for a state determined? | = the number of representatives + Senators (2) that the state has in the U.S. Congress |
| What is it called when the president is accused of a high crime or misdemeanor? | impeachment |
| Who sets the monetary policy for the U.S.? | Federal Reserve |
| Which monetary policy is used to boost economic growth? | "loose"/"easy" policy (lower interest rates) |
| Which monetary policy is used by the Federal Reserve to reduce inflation? | "tight" policy (higher interest rates) |
| Why do people invest in stocks and bonds? | profit |
| What happens when the U.S. dollar is stronger (more valuable) than another nation's currency and it imports more than it exports? | negative balance of trade/trade deficit (we'll import more because we can buy more of their goods with our dollar) |
| What happens when the U.S. dollar weakens (depreciates) and it exports more than it imports? | positive balance of trade/trade surplus (other countries will be able to afford more of our goods so we'll export more) |
| Who has the primary duty for managing and administering the services that a city provides to its citizens? | city manager |
| Who sets the city tax rates, budget, and ordinances? | city council |
| What document listed the reasons for the colonies' separation from Great Britain during the American Revolution? | Declaration of Independence |
| What is it called when voters get to approve/disapprove of a proposed state law or constitutional amendment? | referendum |
| What type of election is used so that each party can nominate their candidates who will run for office? | primary election |
| List the freedoms guaranteed by the 1st Amendment | freedom of expression (speech), freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, freedom of the press, freedom to petition |
| Which Amendment protects people's right to bear arms? | 2nd amendment |
| Who sets the county budget, local tax rates, and county ordinances? | county board of commissioners |
| Which amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures? | 4th amendment |
| What do law enforcement officers need before they can conduct a search or make an arrest? | probable cause |
| Which amendment guarantees the accused due process, no double jeopardy, right to remain silent, and indictment by a grand jury when they are accused of serious crimes? | 5th Amendment |
| Which amendment guarantees the accused a jury trial and the right to an attorney? | 6th Amendment |
| What deal might be offered to the accused to get them to plead guilty in exchange for a lighter sentence? | plea bargain |
| Which amendment protects the rights that are not specifically mentioned in the Bill of Rights? | 9th Amendment |
| Which amendment reserves powers for the states that are not given to the national government? | 10th Amendment |
| Which part of the U.S. Constitution protects the freedoms and liberties of citizens? | Bill of Rights (1st 10 Amendments) |
| Which constitutional protection is guaranteed to the accused so that they will not be held in jail without being charge? | writ of habeus corpus |
| List the most important enumerated powers given to Congress by the U.S. Constitution | declare war, tax, borrow money, regulate the value of U.S. currency, regulate trade |
| What do you call a local law made by a county or city? | ordinance |
| Give an example of the types of things that states can use their reserved powers to do | make traffic laws, make marriage and divorce laws, conduct elections, and anything else that the national government is not given the power to do |
| What do the implied powers in the "elastic clause" of Article I, Sec. 8 give Congress the power to do? | make all laws that are "necessary and proper" for carrying out its duties and powers |
| How can the president check and balance the power of Congress to make a law? | veto |
| What method of crime control offers to suspend a convicted criminal's sentence as long as they remain on good behavior? | probation |
| What is the goal of the juvenile justice system? | rehabilitation |
| How can the Supreme Court check and balance the power of the Congress when they create a law that is unconstitutional? | judicial review |
| What is the primary duty of the executive branch (president)? | carry out the law |
| What is the primary duty of the judicial branch (Supreme Court and lower federal courts)? | interpret and apply the law |
| What is the primary duty of the legislative branch (Congress)? | make laws |
| What constitutional principle is used by one branch to limit the power of the other branches of government? | checks and balances |
| What do you call the local laws that are used to set rules for land use? | zoning ordinances |
| Who determines the guilt of the accused in a criminal trial? | the jury |
| Who has the "burden or proof" to demonstrate that the defendant is guilty in a criminal trial? | prosecutor (district attorney) |
| What is the purpose of a grand jury? | indict a suspect (determine if they must go on trial) in a felony case |
| What happens to most bills in the lawmaking process? | they are killed in committee |
| What procedure can be used in the Senate to delay or prevent a vote on a bill? | filibuster |
| What powers does the governor of a state have? | power to carry out the law, appoint state officials, veto legislation, pardon criminals |
| Who enforces laws in the county? | sheriff's department |
| What constitutional principle did the Supreme Court establish in the case of Marbury v. Madison? | judicial review |
| Which court case requires law enforcement officers to read suspects their rights? | Miranda v. Arizona |
