| A | B |
|---|
| A group of companies that turned control of their stock over to a common board | which then runs the companies as a single corporation |
| A major reason for the low wages of unskilled workers throughout the late 19c was that | factor owners were able to draw on cheap labor on a global scale |
| A new form of fencing used on the Great Plains was | barbed wire |
| A trust may become a monopoly if | it gains exclusive control of an industry |
| Americans in the post-Civil War decades who waved the bloody shirt of the war were | Radical Republicans reviving the memory of southern Democratic disloyalty during the Civil War |
| As a result of the final vote in his impeachment trial | President Andrew Johnson |
| At the outset | President Lincoln held that the Civil War was being fought to? |
| Before the Civil War | the abolitionists used what tactics? |
| Bleeding Kansas gained its reputation for violence because of the | sporadic warfare between settlers on opposing sides in the battle over the slavery issue |
| Business leader Rockefeller | Morgan and Vanderbilt were referred to as robber barons because they were |
| Cattle and Sheep could not cohabitate because | the cattle thought the sheep "smelled funny" |
| Cleveland believed that Government should | refrain from paternalistic meddling in the economy through high protective tariffs |
| Compromise of 1877 did what | Ended reconstruction by removing federal military support of Republican administrations in the South |
| Congress brought impeachment charges against President Andrew Johnson because he | Violated an act of Congress by removing a cabinet member without Senate approval |
| Describe John Brown | antislavery and violent |
| Douglas argued in his Freeport Doctrine during the Lincoln-Douglas debates that | action by territorial legislatures could keep slavery out of the territory |
| During the late 1800s | what was the main reason labor unions had difficulty achieving gains for workers? |
| Example of graft | saying a project cost more than it did and keep the difference for yourself |
| From 1876-1897 political control of the national government in the US | reflected a stalemate between the two major parties |
| Historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that the frontier shaped America by | stimulating individualism |
| How did Americans feel about the Civil War before the fighting began? | Both sides thought it would be a short war |
| In 1870 and 1871 the violent campaigns of the KKK forced congress to | In many states were virtually ignored |
| In return for supporting him for president | President Rutherford B Hayes |
| In the Dred-Scott case | the Supreme Court ruled that |
| In the late 19c | the American working classes suffered from what three conditions? |
| In the presidential election of 1868 | Ulysses S. Grant |
| In the years after the Civil War | most freedmen ended up working as? |
| Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House because | Grant's troops had captured Richmond |
| Lee surrendered to Grant at | Appomattox Court House |
| Lincoln handles Northern opposition to the war by | having protesters arrested and put in prison with no trial |
| Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation after Antietam because | He wanted to be in a position of military strength when he freed slaves |
| Manufacturing in the Old South lagged behind that in the North because | cotton was a more profitable investment |
| Many employers cut wages in the late 19c by | hiring women and children |
| Many southerners supported the Compromise of 1850 because it | provided for the return of fugitive slaves |
| Mark Twain called the era following the Civil War the "Gilded Age" because | the glitter and flashiness of the time seemed to mask the ugliness and crass materialism that lay beneath the surface |
| Members of the Know-Nothing Party were known for ________. | belief in nativism |
| Military hygiene in the Civil War | troops had frequent bouts of diarrhea due to germs in food and water |
| Native Americans on the Great Plains used the _____ for many of the essentials of life | buffalo |
| Northern strategy for winning the Civil War | to cut off the South's imports and exports with a naval blockade |
| Pendleton Civil Service Act required | applicants for government jobs to pass examinations |
| Seward (Secretary of State in 1867) accomplished an enduring success in foreign relations for the Johnson administration when he | purchased Alaska from Russia |
| Sherman Anti-Trust act of 1890 | was an ineffective attempt to regulate the abuses of big business |
| Southern laws that kept African Americans separate from whites were called | Jim Crow |
| Stalwarts were strong supporters of | the spoils system |
| Stalwarts were | a faction of the Republican Party that fought over issues like civil service reform |
| Tammany Hall was the name of | a NYC political machine |
| The basic economic motivation behind the silver standard was _____. | ease the burden of farmers in debt |
| The Battle of Fort Sumter | was a bloody siege |
| The commanding General of the Army of Northern Virginia was _______. | Robert E. Lee |
| The Copperheads were | Northerners who opposed the Civil War |
| The Credit Moblier was a | large and corrupt railroad construction company |
| The Crittenden Compromise of 1860 | Suggested amendments to protect slavery while absolutely limiting its spread |
| The Emancipation Proclamation | Freed slaves only in areas in rebellion against the United States but not in areas that remained loyal |
| The federal government's Indian policy between 1876 and 1900 was characterized by | a movement to encourage the Indians to learn the ways of white society |
| The Gilded Age was generally a period of monetary | deflation |
| The grandfather clause | denied black Americans the right to vote in the South |
| The Homestead Act provided | 160 acres of free land within the public domain to any head of household who would settle on it and improve it over a period of 5 years |
| The ideas of Social Darwinism allowed men of wealth | like Carnegie and Rockefeller to |
| The important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion | a large pool of unskilled labor |
| The Indian Peace Commission recommended moving Native Americans to | reservations |
| The intent of the Homestead Act was to | encourage families to develop the West |
| The Kansas-Nebraska act repealed the | Missouri Compromise |
| The mining frontier was significant because | it stimulated the cattle and railroad business |
| The mining towns which developed between 1860 and 1890 | - were often abandoned after the mines closed |
| The North held the advantage over the South in each of the following? | Non-cash crop farm acreage |
| The North interpreted Black Codes as: | Evidence that the South sought to keep freemen in an economically dependent and legally inferior status |
| The Populist movement of the 1890s can be described as ______. | political coalition of farming interests directed against banking and railroad interests |
| The president of the Confederacy was __________. | Jefferson Davis |
| The purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was to | weaken tribes |
| The purpose of the Freedman's Bureau was to | feed |
| The purpose of the Pendleton act of 1883 was to | fill some government jobs on the basis of merit through competitive exams |
| The railroads influenced the cattle industry by | helping to make the long drive economically feasible |
| bringing in farmers who fenced the Plains | eventually ending the open range form of cattle ranching |
| The Reconstruction policies of the Radical Republicans were probably motivated by? | A humanitarian concern for the former slaves |
| The significance of the Haymarket Square incident (1886) was that | it stimulated a hysterical wave of fear of anarchism and its alleged connection with unionism |
| The spread of the telephone required ____ | providing new jobs for women. |
| The status of a working a piece of land in return for a portion of the crops is called | sharecropping |
| The status of working a piece of land in return for a portion of the crops is called | Northerners who opposed the Civil War |
| The topic of the Lincoln-Douglas debates was | slavery in the territories |
| The traditions of cattle herding began with Hispanic ranch hands in | Mexico |
| Two factors that did most to stimulate rapid western settlement were | Homestead Act and railroad |
| Vertical integration | a business strategy used by steel mogul Andrew Carnegie involves |
| What advance in technology made the Civil War much deadlier | improved grooved rifles and the mini ball |
| What advantage did the north have over the South | a superior railway system |
| What allowed manufacturers to build their factories away from rivers | electricity |
| What did industrial consolidation and trusts reduce during the late 1800's? | competition |
| What did Social Darwinism discourage? | government regulation |
| What did the 1860 Republican Party platform favor | construction of a transcontinental railroad |
| What is a soddy? | a home made out of prairie turf |
| What issue prompted the assassination of President Garfield? | civil service reform |
| What triggered the fighting between North and South | Southerners fired on Fort Sumter |
| What two issues lay at the heart of Reconstruction | the future of political and economic power for freed slaves |
| What was Henry Clay's primary purpose in offering the Compromise of 1850? | to avoid a civil war over the issue of slavery |
| What was one effect of John Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry? | an increase in tensions between the North and the South |
| What was the significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin? | it provoked a more aggressive antisouthern and antislavery position in those who were uncertain on the slavery issue |
| When the Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott v. Sanford that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional infringement on property rights | the supreme Court was exercising |
| Which amendment abolished slavery in the North | 13th |
| Little Big Horn | Little Big Horn |
| Who were Robber-Barons | Rockefeller |
| Why did both the North and South experience rioting during the Civil War? | South over food |
| Why did the Southern states decide to secede after the election of 1860? | Southern leaders feared hat Lincoln would force the South out of the Union |
| Why did US soldiers kill Ghost Dancers in the Wounded Knee Massacre | the soldiers feared the Ghost Dancers were preparing for war |
| Why was the Southern economy dependent on slavery? | The southern economy was rural and consisted mostly of plantations |
| Why were scabs unpopular with striking workers during the late 1800's? | they were workers used to break strikes |
| William Lloyd Garrison pledged his dedication to | the immediate abolition of slavery in the South |
