| A | B |
|---|
| what was Marbury vs. Madison? | Madison refuses to deliver Marbury's appointment as judge, Marbury sues, asking Supreme Court to force Madison to deliver appointment by way of Judiciary Act of 1789 |
| what was the courts decision? | SC rules Judiciary Act 1789 is unconstitutional |
| what were the effects? | establishes courts power of judicial review |
| what was Dred Scott vs. Sanford? | Dred Scott, a slave, was taken by his owner in free territory. Scott sues for his freedom based on his residency in free territory |
| what was the courts decision? | as a slave, Dred Scott is property and could not sue in court |
| what was the effect? | movement to end slavery called Abolition grows, Civil War erupts between North and South |
| what was Munn vs. Illinois? | State of Illinois creates "Granger Laws" regulating railroads and banks to prevent abuse of farmers; railroad owners argue that government cannot regulate their private property |
| what was the courts decision? | government can regulate business in the "public interest" to prevent monopoly |
| what was the effect? | government creates regulatory agencies like the Interstate Commerce Commission to protect the public |
| what was Plessy vs. Ferguson? | Homer Plessy, a mulatto, challenges Louisiana segregation by sitting in the white car of a train. Plessy argues he can sit anywhere based on the 14th amendment's "equal protection under the law" |
| what was the courts decision? | "separate but equal" principle- segregation is legal if the facilities are equal |
| what was the effect? | decision later overturned in the Brown vs. Board of Ed case; Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlaws segregation |
| what was Schenck vs. U.S.? | Charles Schenck was arrested under the Espionage Act during WWi for discouraging drafting of men. Schenck argues that 1st Amendment protects his freedom of speech during wartime |
| what was the courts decision? | Schenck's conviction is upheld |
| what was the effect? | "clear and present danger" principle established- your rights are not absolute |
| what was Schechter Poultry Corp. vs. U.S.? | Schechter Bros. sue federal govt to show National Recovery Admin., an alphabet agency, is unconstitutional; called the "sick-chicken case" |
| what was the courts decision? | One New Deal angecy, the Nation Recovery Admin. is rules unconstitutional |
| what was the effect? | Decision causes President Franklin Roosevelt to propose "packing" the court with favorable justices |
| what was Korematsu vs. U.S.? | Japanese-Americans relocated away from West Coast military zone following Pearl Harbor attack; Korematsu argues internment is unconstitutional |
| what was the courts decision? | internment of Japanese Americans was a military necessity |
| what was the effect? | federal govt later apologizes to internees; agrees to compensate them for lost property |
| what was Brown vs. Board of Ed. Topeka, Kansas? | Linda Brown sues for right to attend an all-white public school, claiming that segregation in schools causes feelings of inferiority among black students |
| what was the courts decision? | segregation in public schools is unconstitutional and orders integration |
| what was the effect? | Southern states refuse integreation, leading to the use of troops to enforce ruling in "Little Rock 9" |
| what was Engle vs. Vitale? | parent sues Long Island school district to prohibit school prayer, claiming it violates separation of church and state, and the 1st amendment |
| what was the courts decision? | prayer in public schools is unconstitutional because it violates 1st amendment |
| what was the effect? | amendment to allow school prayer has been proposed for adoption to the constitution |
| what was Gideon vs. Wainwright? | Homeless man arrested for breaking into a pool hall. Gideon cannot afford lawyer so represents self at trial and is convicted; appeals case claiming lack of lawyer causes unfair trial |
| what was courts decision? | Clarence Gideon's conviction was overturned on appeal to the Supreme Court |
| what was the effect? | establishes precedent that states must provide a lawyer to defendent who cannot afford one |
| what was Miranda vs Arizona? | Ernesto Miranda arrested for rape and kidnapping, he's interrogated and gives a confession. he appeals case, claiming he did not know and was not advised of rights against self-incrimination at arrest |
| what was the courts decision? | Miranda's conviction (based on a confession given to police) is overturned on appeal by the Court |
| what was the effect? | precents established that the police must read the accuses his "Miranda Rights" at the time of arrest |
| what was New York Times vs. U.S.? | New York Times sues federal govt for right to publish "Pentagon Papers"- secret documents about U.S. policy in Vietnam. Times claims freedom of press while govt claims censorship for national security |
| what was the courts decision? | New York Times may publish the secret "Pentagon Papers" |
| what was the effect? | ruling strengthens First Amendment right to freedom of the press |
| what was Roe vs. Wade? | "Jane Roe" sues for right to obtain and abortion in Texas; Texas has state laws against abortion |
| what was the courts decision? | abortion is legal based on right to privacy |
| what was the effect? | leads to modern-day controversy between pro-life and pro-choice |
| what was University of California Regents vs. Bakke? | Allan Bakke claimed he did not receive"equal protection" when university denies his admission to medical school, while minority candidates with lower scores admitted due to affirmative action quotas |
| what was the courts decision? | Allan Bakke faced "reverse discrimination" due to affirmative action quotas |
| what was the effect? | quotas ruled illegal by affirmative action continues based on preference given to minority candidates |
