| A | B |
|---|
| A preterm infant is one born prior to _______ after conception | 37 |
| What infant perception research technique involves giving an infant a choice at what to look at and then looking for a reliable preference for one stimulus over the other? | Preferential looking |
| According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, formal operational thought is _____. | logical, systematic, abstract, and idealistic |
| Infants who display secure attachment _____. | use their caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment |
| Sucking, swallowing, coughing, blinking, and yawning are all examples of: | reflexes |
| Sam is a participant in a study of moral development. In response to the Heinz moral dilemma story, Sam says that “Heinz shouldn’t steal the drug because if he steals he will go to jail. Jail is a bad place so Heinz shouldn’t take the risk of such harsh punishment.” Sam appears to be operating at which of the following stages of moral development? | Preconventional |
| Which is not a component of Bonanno’s theory of grieving? | Determination |
| Chloe is a baby who cries a lot. She does not eat or sleep on a regular schedule and she often has difficulty adapting to new experiences. Psychologists would say that Chloe’s temperament can be described as _____. | Difficult |
| Which of the following statements about brain development is false? | Aside from growing larger, the brain does not undergo any anatomical change after birth. |
| Kohlberg’s model is based on the ________ perspective, wheras Carol Gilligan’s is based on the ________ perspective. | justice; care |
| Nicotine and rubella are examples of: | teratogens |
| Four-year-old Jennifer mistakenly believes that her mother would like to receive an Elmo doll for Christmas. This best illustrates Piaget’s concept of _____. | egocentrism |
| Bill believes that his culture expects men to be aggressive leaders who provide the sole income for the family and do not participate actively in child care. Taken together, these are components of Bill’s _______. | gender schema |
| Although _____ did not believe that culture and education play important roles in children’s cognitive development, _____ believed that cognitive development is very much an interpersonal process that happens in a cultural context. | Jean Piaget / Lev Vygotsky |
| By the end of the _____ period, the heart begins to beat, the arms and legs become more differentiated, the face starts to form, and the intestinal tract appears in human beings. | embryonic |
| Developmental psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a person’s genes or biological inheritance. | nature |
| Accumulated information and verbal skills are components of _____, whereas the ability to reason abstractly is a component of _____. | crystallized intelligence / fluid intelligence |
| According to _____, as we age our cells become less capable of dividing. | cellular-clock theory |
| Children of permissive parents tend to _____. | expect to get their own way and often show difficulties respecting others and controlling their behavior |
| Research on adolescent brain development has shown that the _____ is involved with emotional reactions, whereas the _____ is involved with reasoning and decision making. | amygdala / prefrontal cortex |
| Which of the following characterizes pubertal change in adolescents? | The peak of pubertal change occurs at an average age of 11½ for girls and 13½ for boys. |
| Correct order of Kubler-Ross model | 1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance |
| You tried to play peek-a-boo with your 6-month-old nephew, but whenever you hid your face, he would cry. You try it again three months later, and now he laughs and enjoys the game, trying to uncover your face with his hands. Your nephew has begun to develop _____. | object permanence |
| Janet has maintained her composure in the face of the death of her mother. Her brother, Joe, has gone into a deep depression and is unable to face work or family obligations. These two siblings appear to differ significantly in terms of what characteristic, which reflects our ability to adapt to difficulties? | Resiliency |
| According to Piaget, accommodation occurs when individuals _____. | adjust their schemas to new information |
| According to the circumplex model of mood, a wheel of mood states can be created from the two independent dimensions of _____. | valence and arousal level |
| The Cannon-Bard theory predicts that after witnessing a shocking event, a person will _____. | experience physical and emotional reactions simultaneously |
| Which of the following statements about instincts is false? | Instincts are learned behavioral responses. |
| Darrin is a good piano player. When he is alone and bored his arousal is low and he often gets distracted and makes mistakes. When he is in a recital with strangers, he sometimes gets too nervous and aroused and also makes mistakes. His best performances are typically at home when family and friends are nearby, and his arousal level is moderate. The variations in Darrin’s performance can be best explained by the _____. | Yerkes-Dodson law |
| According to self-determination theory, people are most fulfilled when they satisfy which three fundamental needs? | Competence, autonomy, and relatedness |
| The concept of _____ pertains to a psychological state, whereas _____ involves a physiological state. | drive / need |
| Professor Rothbaum surveys students about their motivation for attending college. Which of the following responses is the best example of strong intrinsic motivation? | “I’m in college because I love learning. Education satisfies my curiosity and makes me feel like a confident well-informed person.” |
| Evan received an ugly pair of pajamas for his birthday. Even though he didn’t like the gift, he smiled and thanked his grandmother for the present because that was the expected behavior for that situation. Evan’s behavior can be explained in terms of _____. | a display rule |
| Setting goals, planning for the implementation of goals, and monitoring progress are all aspects of _____. | self-regulation |
| Marsha does a good job because she knows her performance will result in a bonus if she meets her goals. Georgia does a good job because she feels a sense of accomplishment when she meets her goals. Both women do the same kind of work. Who is most likely to perform better? | Georgia is most likely to perform better |
| You are feeling upset when your mother turns toward you and says “turn that frown upside down.” You turn your frown into a smile and realize that you now feel happy. This experience can be best described by the _____. | facial feedback hypothesis |
| The broaden-and-build model begins with _____. | the influence of positive emotions on cognitive processing |
| Which of the following is true of the sympathetic nervous system? | It prepares the individual for fighting or running away. |
| According to Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory, emotion is determined by two factors: _____. | physiological arousal and cognitive labeling |
| William has volunteered to work in a war-torn country to try to improve the lives of the residents there. The citizens currently have enough to eat and drink. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, what would these citizens be in need of next? | safety |
| You are having dinner with your friend Sophia when she experiences a sudden onset of intense terror, without warning and with no specific cause. Sophia would most likely be diagnosed as suffering from _____. | panic disorder |
| _____ are sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli. _____ are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual’s culture. | Hallucinations / Delusions |
| Individuals who suffer from _____ have an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public/collective situations. | social phobia |
| Which of these reflects a change included in the newest (fifth) edition of the DSM? | the removal of aspergers syndrome |
| David Rosenhan sent eight fake patients to various hospitals, reporting hearing voices. Which of these best describes what happened to these eight people? | All were diagnosed with schizophrenia, and kept in the hospital from 3 to 52 days. |
| What statement best describes the relationship between dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue? | Dissociative fugue cannot exist without dissociative amnesia |
| Marilyn is depressed a great deal of the time and seeks help from a doctor. She is diagnosed as having a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance. Marilyn is most likely being treated by someone who adheres to the _____ model of psychological disorders. | medical |
| Which of the following statements about dissociative identity disorder is false? | Each personality has knowledge of the memories, behaviors, and relationships of the other personalities. |
| _____ involves a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least 2 weeks. | major depressive disorder |
| Regulation of which neurotransmitter is strongly implicated in schizophrenia? | Dopamine |
| What is one of the challenges in identifying people with antisocial personality disorder? | They often are able to con even skilled mental health professionals |
| Problems in regulating _____ are related to both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. | serotonin |
| Justin enjoys watching pornography on the internet. He believes it is in everyone’s best interests if he isolates himself from them. This behavior is not only jeopardizing his job, but it is also interfering with his relationships. Justin’s girlfriend is upset that he spends too much time on the computer, and she is threatening to break up with him. Which of the following criteria for abnormality does Justin’s behavior meet? | maladaptive |
| All of the following are symptoms of borderline personality disorder EXCEPT _____. | hallucinations |
| Your roommate is acting very strangely. Although she has not slept much in the past few days, she says she is on top of the world. She has cleaned and re-cleaned her closets several times. She also took all her savings and invested it in a questionable financial venture. This period of non-stop activity has lasted for well over a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue she exhibited earlier this semester. Your roommate is exhibiting symptoms of _____. | bipolar disorder |
| Joshua has received low grades in math throughout his school years. In the lower grades, he would try to study hard, but the results were always the same. Eventually, he stopped trying to do better in math because nothing he tried seemed to work. Joshua has developed _____. | learned helplessness |
| Which is the current edition of the classification manual used by most psychologists and psychiatrists in the United States? | DSM-5 |
| Which of the following is a negative symptom of Schizophrenia? | Flat affect |
| Jacqueline has been in relentless pursuit of thinness for the past six months. She has been starving herself to reach this goal. Jacqueline is exhibiting symptoms of _____. | anorexia nervosa |
| When Sandra was 18 years old, she was in a serious car accident. Although she made a full recovery from her injuries, she experienced extreme anxiety afterward. Sandra is now very anxious when driving, has nightmares about the accident, and flinches when she goes through intersections. Sandra has symptoms suggestive of _____. | post-traumatic stress disorder |
| What is one of the challenges in identifying people with antisocial personality disorder? | They often are able to con even skilled mental health professionals |
| Xanax, Valium, and Librium are benzodiazepines that are commonly used drug therapies for treating _____. | anxiety disorders |
| Which of the following statements about psychosurgery is false? | The effects of psychosurgery can be reversed with intensive therapy. |
| Which class of drugs is believed to treat schizophrenia with fewer side-effects than the neuroleptics? | Atypical antipsychotics |
| Dr. Patterson tries to create a warm supportive atmosphere to help her clients improve their self-concepts and to encourage insight into problems. Dr. Patterson says little to her depressed client. Instead, she waits for him to express his feelings and for him to decide what he wants to do about his problems. This emphasis on encouraging self-reflection indicates that Dr. Patterson is practicing _____. | client-centered therapy |
| Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft are what type of antidepressant drugs? | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) |
| Dr. Billings is a therapist who specializes in psychoanalysis. The types of techniques that she is likely to use would include _____. | free association, dream interpretation, transference, and interpreting the client’s resistance to discussing painful memories |
| Your psychotherapist asks you to “free associate.” What are you being asked to do? | You are being asked to just “talk” in an undirected manner without reflecting on what you are about to say. |
| Systematic desensitization involves _____. | pairing a feared stimulus with a state of deep relaxation by being exposed to feared situations in a gradual hierarchical fashion |
| Which of the following is true of neuroleptic drugs? | If an individual with schizophrenia stops taking neuroleptic drugs, the symptoms return. |
| Which of the following is a behavior therapy based on classical conditioning? | aversive therapy |
| A psychologist who practices cognitive therapy might try to help a patient who suffers from a major depressive disorder by _____. | trying to get the patient to stop having irrational thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes |
| Research shows that _____ is the most important determinant of therapy outcome. | the quality of the client's participation |
| Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment sometimes used for _____. | depression |
| Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy _____. | clearly shows that psychotherapy works |
| Which of the following features of group therapy helps individuals who share a psychological disorder observe that others feel anguish and suffering as well? | universality |
| One aspect of family therapy is the idea that a family member’s symptoms are a function of the family relationships. If, for example, a teenage son is the scapegoat of the parents, which family therapy technique would be the most appropriate to use? | detriangulation |
| Which of the following forms of treatment relies on paraprofessionals? | self-help groups |
| Which perspective encourages people to understand themselves and to grow personally, with a clinical emphasis on self-healing capacities? | humanist |
| Luanne is being treated for depression after a breakup with her boyfriend. Her therapist points out that her thoughts, and not the situation itself, cause her depression. Luanne’s therapist seems to practice _____ therapy. | beck's cognitive |
| Lithium is an effective _____ drug. | mood-stabilizing |
