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Java Games: Flashcards, matching, concentration, and word search. |
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People and Events in African-American History
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| This is an execution carried out by a mob, often by hanging, but also by burning at the stake and shooting, in order to punish an alleged person, or to intimidate, control, or otherwise manipulate a population of people, however large or small. This was often used against African-Americans. | Lynching |
| She was a U.S. singer, songwriter, pianist, arranger, and civil rights activist. Simone was born Eunice Kathleen Waymon on 21st February 1933 in Tryon, North Carolina, one of eight children. Like a number of other black singers in the U.S., she was inspired as a child by Marian Anderson, and began singing at her local church, also showing great talent as a pianist. Her public debut, a piano recital, was made at the age of ten. Her parents, who had taken seats in the front row, were forced to move to the back of the hall to make way for some white people. | Nina Simone |
| He was the first African-American to gain national eminence as a poet. Born in 1872 in Dayton, Ohio, he was the son of ex-slaves and classmate to Orville Wright of aviation fame. Although he lived to be only 33 years old, he was prolific, writing short stories, novels, librettos, plays, songs and essays as well as the poetry for which he became well known. He was popular with black and white readers of his day, and his works are celebrated today by scholars and school children alike. His style encompasses two distinct voices -- the standard English of the classical poet and the evocative dialect of the turn-of-the-century black community in America. He was gifted in poetry -- the way that Mark Twain was in prose -- in using dialect to convey character. | Paul Laurence Dunbar |
| He was born in Paramaribo (then Dutch Guyana, now Suriname). His father was a Dutch engineer and his mother a black Surinamese in a machinery shop. He settled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at 19 after working as a sailor. By 1877, he spoke adequate English and had moved to Massachusetts. After a while, he went to work in a shoe factory. At the time, no machine could attach the upper part of a shoe to the sole. His machine could produce between 150 to 700 pairs of shoes a day, cutting shoe prices across the nation in half | Jan Ernst Matzeliger |
| She was an African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the American Civil War. After escaping from slavery, into which she was born, she made thirteen missions to rescue more than 70 slaves using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry, and in the post-war era struggled for women's suffrage. As a child in Dorchester County, Maryland, she was beaten by various masters to whom she was hired out. Early in her life, she suffered a head wound when hit by a heavy metal weight. The injury caused disabling seizures, headaches, and powerful visionary and dream activity, which occurred throughout her entire life. A devout Christian, she ascribed the visions and vivid dreams to revelations from God. | Harriet Tubman |
| This was an African-American revolutionary leftist organization. It was active in the United States from the mid-1960s into the 1970s. This party achieved national and international impact through their deep involvement in the Black Power movement and in U.S. politics of the 1960s and 70s, as the intense anti-racism of the time is today considered one of the most significant social, political and cultural currents in U.S. history. The group's "provocative rhetoric, militant posture, and cultural and political flourishes permanently altered the contours of American Identity." Founded in Oakland, California, by Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton on October 15, 1966, the organization initially set forth a doctrine calling primarily for the protection of African American neighborhoods from police brutality. But their objectives and philosophy expanded and evolved rapidly during the party's existence. The organization's leaders passionately espoused socialist and communist (largely Maoist) doctrines, but the Party's black nationalist reputation attracted an ideologically diverse membership. Ideological consensus within the party was difficult to achieve, and some prominent members openly disagreed with the views of the leaders. | Black Panthers |
| She was the self-given name, from 1843 onward, of Isabella Baumfree, an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. She was born into slavery in Swartekill, New York, but escaped with her infant daughter to freedom in 1826. After going to court to recover her son, she became the first black woman to win such a case against a white man. Her best-known extemporaneous speech on racial inequalities, Ain't I a Woman?, was delivered in 1851 at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio. During the Civil War, Truth helped recruit black troops for the Union Army; after the war, she tried unsuccessfully to secure land grants from the federal government for former slaves. | Sojourner Truth |
| She moved with her parents to New Orleans, Louisiana at the age of 4. In 1960, when she was 6 years old, her parents responded to a call from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and volunteered her to participate in the integration of the New Orleans School system. She is known as the first African-American child to attend an all-white elementary school in the South. She attended William Frantz Elementary School at 3811 N Galvez St, New Orleans, LA 70117. | Ruby Bridges |
| She was an American civil aviator. She was the first female pilot of African American descent and the first person of African American descent to hold an international pilot license. She was born on January 26, 1892 in Atlanta, Texas, the tenth of thirteen children to sharecroppers. Her father was part Cherokee. She began school at age six and had to walk four miles each day to her all-black, one-room school. Despite sometimes lacking such materials as chalk and pencils, She was an excellent student.. | Bessie Coleman |
| The was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa were taken to the New World, as part of the Atlantic slave trade. Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods, which were traded for purchased or kidnapped Africans, who were transported across the Atlantic as slaves; the slaves were then sold or traded for raw materials, which would be transported back to Europe to complete the voyage. A single voyage on this passage was a large financial undertaking, and they were generally organized by companies or groups of investors rather than individuals. | Middle Passage |
| Buying and selling human beings, often from Africa, by offering the enslaved person to the highest bidder. It a form of unfree labor which existed as a legal institution in North America for more than a century before the founding of the United States in 1776, and continued mostly in the South until the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1865. The first English colony in North America, Virginia, first imported Africans in 1619, a practice established in the Spanish colonies as early as the 1560s. | Slavery |
| They were a group of African-American students who were enrolled in a Central High School in Arkansas in 1957. The ensuing Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus, and then attended after the intervention of President Eisenhower, is considered to be one of the most important events in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. On their first day of school, troops from the Arkansas National Guard would not let them enter the school and they were followed by mobs making threats to lynch. | Little Rock Nine |
| The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. During the period 1955–1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Federal, state, and local governments, businesses, and communities often had to respond immediately to crisis situations which highlighted the inequities faced by African Americans. Forms of protest and/or civil disobedience included boycotts such as the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955–1956) in Alabama; "sit-ins" such as the influential Greensboro sit-in (1960) in North Carolina; marches, such as the Selma to Montgomery marches (1965) in Alabama; and a wide range of other nonviolent activities. | Civil Rights Protest |
| She was an American author, activist, and civil rights leader. The widow of Martin Luther King, Jr., she helped lead the African-American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. | Coretta Scott King |
| A form of direct action that involves one or more persons nonviolently occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change. While not the first sit-ins of the African-American Civil Rights Movement, the Greensboro sit-ins were an instrumental action, leading to increased national sentiment at a crucial period in US history. The primary event took place at the Greensboro, North Carolina Woolworth's store, now the International Civil Rights Center and Museum. | Lunch counter sit-ins |
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