| A | B |
|---|
| nutrients | usable portions of food |
| calories | how the energy obtained from nutrients is measured |
| proteins | nutrients used to build and repair body parts; are made of amino acids |
| carbohydrates | energy rich foods, ex pasta |
| starch | long chain of sugars |
| fats | supply body with energy, contain a lot of calories |
| vitamins | micronutrients, regulate growth and functioning of body |
| fat soluable vitamins | vitamins that can be stored in fat tissue to be used later |
| water soluable vitamins | vitamins that can't be stored in body, get washed out daily |
| minerals | calcium, iron, etc |
| mouth | contains salivary glands, saliva |
| ptyalin | an enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch into sugar |
| teeth | part of the digestive system that grinds food into smaller, more usable pieces |
| tongue | contains taste buds, pushes food down |
| epiglottis | closes over windpipe to prevent choking |
| esophagus | tube lined with slippery mucus that transports food to stomach |
| peristalsis | involuntary contractions that force food down esophagus |
| stomach | j-shaped organ that churns food and secretes digestive enzymes |
| gastric juice | secreted by stomach, contains pepsin |
| pepsin | a chemical that digests proteins |
| hydrocloric acid | strong acid, breaks down protien |
| mucus | protects stomach lining from acids in digestive juices |
| mechanical digestion | digestion involving-teeth, stomach grinding and churning food |
| chemical digestion | digestion involving gastric juice, pepsin, hydrochloric acid, mucus |
| small intestine | where most digestion takes place, most absorption of food occurs here |
| liver | digestive helper, produces bile |
| bile | chemical breaks down fat |
| pancreas | produces pancreatic juice, breaks down protein, starch, fats |
| villi | found in small intestine, increase surface area of small intestine so food is digested more efficiently |
| large intestine | undigested food passes through this structure, water is absorbed, bacteria makes vitamin B and K |
| rectum | short tube at the end of large intestine which stores solid waste until it is eliminated from body |
| anus | opening which eliminates solid wastes |
