| A | B |
|---|
| absorption | taking up of nutrients in the intestines |
| Adipose tissue | fatty tissue |
| bile | secretion of the liver, stored in the fallbladder, essential for the digestion of fats. |
| bolus | food in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed |
| calorie | also known as kcal or kilocalorie; represents the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one degree celsius (C) |
| chemical digestion | chemical changes in foods during digestion caused by hydrolosis |
| chyme | the food mass as it has been mixed with gastric juices |
| cholecystokinin (CKK) | the hormone that triggers the gall bladder to release bile |
| colon | the large intestine |
| duodenum | first (and smallest) section of the small intestine |
| energy balance | occurs when the caloric value of food ingested equals the kcal expended |
| enzymes | organic substances that causes changes in other substances |
| esophagus | tube leading from the mouth tot he stomach;part of the gastrointestinal system |
| feces | solid waste from the large intestine |
| fundus (of stomach) | upper part of the stomach |
| gastric juices | the digestive secretions of the stomach |
| gastrointestinal tract (GI) | pertaining to the stomach and intestines |
| iluem | last part of the small intestine |
| jejunum | the middle section comprising about two fifths of the small intestine |
| lactase | enzyme secreted byt he small intestine for the digestion of lactose |
| lymphatic system | transports fat-soluble substances from the small intestine to the vascular system |
| mechanical digestion | the part of digestion that requdires certain mechanical movements such as chewing, swalling and peristalsis |
| metabolism | the use of food by the body after digestionw which results in energy |
| pancreas | gland that secretes enzymes essential for digestion and insulin, which is essential for glucose metabolism |
| peristalsis | rhythmical movement of the intestinal tract; moves the chyme along |
| pylorus | the end of the stomach nearest the intestine |
| saliva | secretion of the salivary glands |
| salivary amylase | also called pytalin;the enzyme secreted by the salivary glands to act on starch |
| villi | the tiny, hairlike structures in the small intestines through which nutrients are absorbed. |
