| A | B |
|---|
| Meriwether Lewis and William Clark | Sent by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory |
| Louisiana Territory | Huge expanse of land the United States had just purchased from France |
| What caused St. Louis to grow rapidly over a 50-year period | beginning in 1803? |
| Sacajawea | Shoshone captive and wife of a French fur trapper who served as translator for Lewis and Clark |
| How many people lived in the United States when the first national census was taken in 1790? | 4 million |
| What three states joined the Union between 1790 and 1800? | Vermont |
| What present-day states made up the Northwest Territory? | Ohio |
| What was the major economic of the United States at this time? | Farming |
| Why were most places most states considered isolated from one another? | There was a lack of good transportation |
| Whisky Rebellion | Test of the US authority in 1791 as Western farmers protested a whiskey tax; a militia led by Washington demonstrated the federal government would enforce its laws |
| Federal Judiciary Act | This act created the federal court system |
| What was the purpose of the presidential cabinet? | Group of department heads who met to advise the president |
| Alexander Hamilton | Treasury secretary under Washington and prominent leader within the Federalist Party |
| Federalist Party | Supported a strong central government with wide powers; believed powerful government needed to keep order |
| Democratic-Republican Party | Led by Jefferson |
| States’ Rights Theory | Belief that states had the right to judge whether Congress was overstepping its constitutional powers |
| What did Washington warn against in his farewell address? | He warned against the danger of political parties |
| What major political test did the US survive in 1800? | The presidential election took place without serious disturbance and power shifted peacefully from one party to the other |
| What was the significance of the Lewis and Clark expedition? | It helped promote western settlement |
| How much total and how much per acre was the Louisiana Purchase? | $15 million and 4 cents an acre |
| What two criticisms were given against Jefferson’s purchase of this land? | Some thought the country did not need any more developed land and others thought the purchase was unconstitutional |
| What three reasons did people support this western expansion? | Available good farmland was becoming more scarce in the east |
| Manifest Destiny | “Obvious fate” to spread the United States’ founding ideals and democratic way of life across the continent and beyond |
| Santa Fe Trail | Old trade route from the Missouri River to Santa Fe |
| Oregon Trail | Treacherous route from Independence |
| Mormons | Religious group who traveled the Oregon Trail to Utah to escape persecution |
| Louisiana Purchase | 1803 France Montana |
| Webster-Ashburton Treaty | 1842 Great Britain Minnesota |
| Texas Annexation | 1845 Mexico Texas |
| Oregon Country | 1846 Great Britain Washington |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | 1848 Mexico California |
| Gadsden Purchase | 1853 Mexico Arizona |
| Indian Removal Act | Passed by Congress in 1830 to clear Indians from lands east of the Mississippi River and moved tribes west to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) |
| Worcester v. Georgia | Supreme Court decision that upheld the rights of the Cherokees that were protected from removal by a treaty; however |
| The Trail of Tears | Forced migration of the Cherokees in 1838 where more than 4 |
| Distinct Identity of the North | By mid-1800s |
| Distinct Identity of the South | Agriculture still dominated with plantation farming becoming more important and reliant on slave labor |
| Distinct Identity of the West | Settlers and immigrants mixed with Indians and Mexicans already living there |
| What type of image did Andrew Jackson have that helped him win the presidency in 1828? | He maintained a common |
| What change in voting laws in most states helped Jackson win | as well as increasing the number of those voting? |
| Who could still not vote at this time? | Women |
| What two other changes were encouraging people to vote? | Secret ballot and political advertising |
| Suffrage | Voting rights |
| Why did Adams win the election of 1824 and not Jackson? | The vote was split with three other candidates from different sections |
| Democratic Party | Political party formed by Jackson that claimed to speak for ordinary famers and workers |
| National Republican Party | Represented business |
| Spoils System | Term used to describe Jackson rewarding loyal supporters with government jobs once he was in office |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | Signed by President Adams |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Protests against the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 |
| John Marshall | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court that made a number of rulings that affirmed federal power |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | When Maryland tried to tax the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the United States |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | Supreme Court reaffirms power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce over New York and New Jersey boat control of the Hudson River |
| Nullification Crisis | In 1832 |
| Samuel Slater | Englishman who set up a cotton-spinning mill in Rhode Island using technology he acquired in Great Britain |
| Industrialization | Move from producing goods by hand to producing them by machine |
| Eli Whitney | Inventor of the cotton gin and interchangeable parts |
| Cotton gin | Machine that could clean 50 pounds of cotton in the time it took to clean one pound by hand |
| How did the invention of the cotton gin make slavery increase in the South? | As cotton production increased |
| How did interchangeable parts revolutionize industry? | Identical parts could be made by machine in greater quantities and interchanged from one to another |
| Mass production | Making goods on a large-scale in factories |
| Productivity | Rate at which goods are produced |
| Cyrus McCormick | Inventor of the mechanical reaper that can harvest grain much faster than traditional methods with less labor |
| Francis Cabot Lowell | Father of the factory system using a series of machines |
| Market economy | People buy and sell goods for money |
| Market revolution | Change from a traditional to a market economy |
| Traditional economy | People make most of the things they use |
| National Road | Most ambitious all-weather road project which stretched from the Appalachians to the Mississippi River |
| Robert Fulton | Invented the steamboat |
| Erie Canal | Connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie |
| Second Great Awakening | Religious revival spread by Christian evangelists |
| Dorothea Dix | Brought substantial change in the penal system and in mental health care across the US |
| Horace Mann | Brought a free |
| Temperance | Moderation in drinking habits |
| Abolition | End of slavery |
| William Lloyd Garrison | Publisher of The Liberator which gave the abolitionist movement a lot of power and attention |
| Frederick Douglas | Former slave whose autobiography recounted his own struggle for freedom |
| Sojourner Truth | Former slave who also joined growing movement for women’s rights |
| Seneca Fall Convention | Occurring in New York in 1848 |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony | Women’s rights advocates |
