| A | B |
|---|
| Amino Acid | Building blocks of proteins |
| Chromosomal Mutations | Chromosomes are joined backwards or have the wrong chromosome. |
| DNA | A double stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule directs replication of proteins. |
| DNA Replication | DNA unzips and strands serve as a template for complementary strands. |
| DNA's backbone | Sugar and phosphate groups joined by covalent bonds. |
| Nitrogen Bases | Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine |
| Uracil | Nitrogen base found in RNA |
| Thymine | Nitrogen base found in DNA |
| Frameshift mutation | Shifts the "reading" of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide. |
| mRNA ("messenger RNA) | Made from DNA,it attaches to ribosomes and specifies the making of a protein. |
| Mutagen | A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation. |
| Mutations | A random error in gene replication that leads to a change. |
| Nucleotide | A monomer made of a phosphate group, a five-carbon suger, and a nitrogenous base. |
| Point Mutation | A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair. |
| RNA | A nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar; nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil; single-strand used for protein systhesis. |
| rRNA | Makes up the ribosome; binds to the mRNA. Proteins are made according to the code. |
| Transcription | The organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA. |
| Translation | Genetic information coded in mRNA directs the formation of a protein . |
| Uracil | Found on the RNA molecule |
| Thymine | Found on the DNA molecule |
