| A | B |
|---|
| Why did Preston Brooks beat Charles Sumner unconscious? | Sumner made a derogatory speech against Brooks’ uncle (Andrew Butler) and supporters of slavery in the Senate |
| What event caused Sumner to make this speech? | Passing a law in the Senate to allow slavery in Kansas |
| How did southerners feel about this beating? | They supported his defending the South and his family’s honor (many sent Brooks more canes) |
| How did Northerners feel about this incident? | They saw it as the same Southern brutality responsible for slavery; made many more sympathetic to limiting slavery |
| For what two geographic purposes has the Ohio served in the past? | Main route for westward expansion and boundary between the North and the South |
| What legislative act declared all lands north of the Ohio to be free states and those in the south to still allow slavery? | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
| What problem did admitting Missouri in 1819 pose for the country? | If it was admitted as a slave state |
| What was the result of the Missouri Compromise in 1820? | It preserved the balance of power in the Senate |
| Why was the Missouri Compromise not effective in the long run? | It settled tensions temporarily |
| How much did the number of enslaved African Americans increase between 1820 and 1860? | It more than doubled |
| Sectionalism | Strong attachment to regional interests |
| What percentage change in urbanization did the North experience from 1800 to 1860? | 9 to 35% |
| What helped the population of New York City grow from 60 | 000 to 800 |
| Where did most of the Southerners live during this same period (by 1860)? | small farms |
| What were the main economic activities of the North during this time period? | Farming |
| What two types of transportation grew considerably in the North to help carry products from manufacturers to customers? | Canals and railroad |
| What was the main method of transportation for the South? | Rivers |
| What four major exports did the South produce as it continued to depend on agriculture? | Rice |
| What percent of Southern households owned slaves? | 25% |
| Henry Clay | Kentuckian who was one of the country’s leading statesmen who tried to mend sectional differences; served as Speaker of the House and was in the Senate; he came up with the Missouri Compromise |
| Free Soil Position | Northerners who objected to extending slavery in areas where it didn’t previously exist |
| Underground Railroad | Secret escape routes and safe houses for runaways |
| Harriet Tubman | “conductor” on the Underground Railroad who returned to the South many times to guide slaves to freedom |
| Compare and contrast Southern moderates to Southern radicals. | Moderates believed that it was a necessary evil that would eventually die out and radicals believed slaves were property and limiting its expansion violated those property rights |
| James K. Polk | President of the US who asked Congress for money to buy California from Mexico |
| Wilmot Proviso | Amendment for funding for the purchase of California to an slavery from any territory the US might acquire |
| Why was the Wilmot Proviso blocked? | The South had more senators |
| What did moderates in both regions propose for newly acquired lands from the US war with Mexico? | Popular sovereignty or rule by the people |
| What were the problems with popular sovereignty? | It did not address the problem of balance of power in Congress |
| What caused the South to speak of withdrawing from the Union in 1848? | California’s bid to be admitted as a free state |
| Compromise of 1850 | Plan from Clay to admit California as a free state |
| Fugitive Slave Law | Required escaped slaves to be returned to their owners |
| Daniel Webster | Massachusetts Senator who helped Clay get the Compromise of 1850 passed |
| Why did Northerners learn to resent the Fugitive Slave Law? | Because they had to help southern slave catcher or face punishment; they saw it as immoral and refused to obey it |
| Uncle Tom’s Cabin | Novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that described the cruelties of slavery that increased the hostility many Northerners had toward the South |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 | Proposed by Senator Stephen Douglas |
| Republican Party | Antislavery activists and Free-Soilers united to form this party to take a firm stand against the Fugitive Slave Law and the Kansas-Nebraska Act |
| What two sides sent agitators into Kansas to influence its vote on slavery? | Abolition societies from the North and proslavery factions from the South |
| Lawrence | Kansas |
| John Brown | Leader of antislavery forces in Kansas who dedicated his life to ending slavery by any means |
| How did Brown and his men get revenge for Lawrence? | They dragged five men out of their homes in Potawatomie and killed them with swords |
| Scott v. Sandford | Case where Dred Scott |
| He maintained a common | man-of-the-people image |
| Raid on Harper’s Ferry | In 1859 |
| How did the South and North views differ concerning John Brown’s Raid? | The South saw Brown as a lunatic and feared a slave rebellion; the North saw him as a hero and martyr for abolition |
| Factions | competing groups |
| Stephen Douglas | 1860 presidential candidate for popular sovereignty in territories |
| John C. Breckinridge | 1860 presidential candidate for slavery being allowed in all territories |
| John Bell | 1860 presidential candidate who sought to avoid the issue of slavery |
| Abraham Lincoln | 1860 presidential candidate who wanted no slavery in territories |
| What helped Lincoln win the presidential election? | He had strong anti-slavery support and the Democratic Party split |
| Secession | Withdrawal from the Union |
| In what two ways did Lincoln try to calm Southern fears? | He said he would not interfere with slavery in the South and he would support enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law |
| On what issue was there no compromise for Lincoln? | Extension of slavery to the western territories |
| Confederate States of America | Starting on December 20 |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederate States of America |
| What was Lincoln’s reaction to the secession during his inaugural address? | He stated it was unconstitutional and wrong |
| Fort Sumter | Federal fort in Charleston |
