| A | B |
|---|
| What is domestication? | breeding plants and animals to meet specific human needs |
| What is maize? | first useful crop grown in North America & Mesoamerica because it was nutritious |
| What is the Iroquois League? | a unique political union of several tribes,responsible for waging war and making peace with non-Iroquois peoples |
| What is an Environment? | climates and landscapes that surround living things. |
| What are Kayaks? | one person canoes mostly covered by animal skins used for transportation by the Inuit and Aleut peoples |
| Define Archaeology. | study of the unwritten past |
| What is Culture? | a society’s common values and tradtions such as language, government and family relationships |
| What are Glyphs? | symbols and images that represent ideas |
| What are Totems? | images of ancestor spirits or animal spirits carved on tall poles |
| What are Manors? | large estates of land |
| What were the Crusades? | five wars between 1096 and 1221 fought to gain possession of the Holy Land (Israel/Jeruslaem) from the Muslims |
| What are Wigwams? | circular huts built in permanent villages |
| What was Cocoa? | a good that Aztecs used to barter/exchange in their trade network |
| What was the Silk Road? | an overland trade route several thousand miles long stretching from the Black Sea (Turkey) to China |
| Name two tribes that invaded neighboring groups and villages | Navajo and Apache tribes hunted and gathered their food and raided the villages of agricultural groups like the Peublos |
| How did the groups of the Arctic region travel & survive? | Inuit and Aleut survived by fishing and hunting large mammals |
| What type of housing did the groups of the Arctic have? | Inuit build wooden, stone or earthen houses partly underground while other Inuit and Aleut build above ground wooden houses |
| Who were the Native American people of the Southwest region? | Pueblo, Navaho, Apache, Papago, Pima, Yaqui and Karankawa. |
| What helped the Vikings establish their trade network? | they were adventurous seafarers who developed a unique style ship with both ends curving upwards |
| What was a free tenant? | during the middle ages he rented land from a lord and grew crops. He would pay the lord with a portion of the crop or in labor and were free to leave the lord and his land at the end of his contract. |
| Who did the Muslims study to gain their knowledge? | the teachings of Muhammad, a merchant who lived on the Arabian Peninsula |
| Who were the Mound Builders? | the Adena and Hopewell people beleived in burying their honored dead with their wealth in mounds for a good afterlife |
| What tribe was matrilineal? | the Pawnee traced their ancestry through their mothers and when a couple got married the husband moved into the wife’s house |
| What was the Magna Carta? | one of the first documents to address nobility’s land rights and to help protect the rights of free individuals |
| In feudalism, do all people participate equally in work and decision making? | the lord or king was the head decision maker followed by vassals, and knights. The peasants had no say but worked the land to make it prosperous |
| Explain feudalism using terms: monarchs, lords, vassals, knights, peasants, free tenants, serfs, slaves. | a system of government in which people pledged loyalty to a lord in exchange for protection |
| What were the Crusades and what was their purpose? | five wars that began in 1096 and ended in 1221 fought over control of the Holy Land |
| Who requested the Crusades and what were the results? | Pope Urban II called for them. In 1099 Christians got control, then in 1187 lost it again to the Muslims. |
| Who ran the Iroquois League? | women selected the members of the league council and could overrule decisions made by the council and remove its members |
| Who created Totems? | people of the Northwest Coast |
| Who built wigwams? | the Algonquian people who lived in the warmer southern portion of the northeastern U.S |
| What 2 cultures were known for conquering other cultures? | Aztec and Incan |
| What helped the Arctic people to survive? | they used dogs to sniff out seals beneath the ice,track herds of caribou & pull their sleds |
| What type of housing did the Inuit or Aleut sometimes build during the winter? | they built igloos of blocks of ice for housing |
| How did the Arctic people travel? | dog sleds and kayaks |
| How did the tribes of the Southwest survive? | many irrigated their drier landscape in order to grow crops such as maize, beans, squash and tobacco |
| Why were the curved Viking ships an improvement over the European ships? | the curved ends made them quicker and safer |
| How long did a free tenant live with his lord? | as long as his contract said. He could leave at the end of his contract |
| How long did a serf live with his lord? | he pledged his whole lifetime in service to his lord for protection. |
| How did free tenants pay their lord? | they rented land from the lord and paid w/the crops they grew or labor. |
| What was the relationship between a lord and his serf? | one provided protection while the other promised his life in service for it |
| What was the difference between a serf and a free tenant? | serf never owned land or crops and had to stay on the lord's land until he died. |
| What was the difference between a serf and a slave? | serfs pledged their lifetime service to their lord, slaves were forced |
| Name the Southeastern tribes who were matrilineal | Natchez, Cherokee,Creek & Pawnee |
| What document first made monarchs have to obey the law of the land? | Magna Carta |
| What was the role of a monarch in feudalism? | he was the ruler and wanted to protect his kingdom/manor from invasion.He needed lots of help so gave out land to those who would help protect his lands |
| What was the role of a vassal in feudalism | he pledged loyalty to monarch in return for land which meant more wealth and power. They helped protect the land by providing warriors |
| What was the role of a knight in feudalism? | the warriors who fought the battles but were cared for by the vassals who gave them, food, a place to live, horses and armor |
| What was the role of a peasant in feudalism? | worked the land and had little rights or say in the country |
| What was the role of a free tenant in feudalism? | he was a peasant, who rented land from a lord and paid in labor or produce. Could leave at end of his contract |
| What was the role of a serf in feudalism? | pledged his life in labor to the lord in return for protection |
| What was the role of a slave in feudalism? | forced labor in the fields or house. Had less rights than any other peasant |
| What happened to Europe during the Crusades? | many cities were deserted of men and families with so many going off to the wars |
