| A | B |
|---|
| hunting and gathering societies | produced little work-2-3 hrs a day |
| Neolithic | Farming or agriculture |
| specialization | ability to have a job outside of agriculture |
| patriarchy | male dominated society-happened in sedentary or farming societies |
| ancient religious ideas | polytheism, animism, ancestor veneration |
| craddles of civilization | china, indus river, egypt, and mesopotamia |
| Mesopotamian empire falls | little natural barriers |
| Mesopotamia government | centralized and based upon laws |
| Egyptian government | theocracy |
| theocracy | political and religious leader the same |
| cuneiform | first writing of the world-middle east |
| ziggurats | step pyramids of Mesopotamia |
| Hammurabi's law code | eye for an eye laws |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | epic story of mesopotamia |
| monotheism | judaism |
| Egypt | pyramids |
| Egypt | hieroglyphics |
| Pharaoh | divine leader of Egypt-king god |
| vizier | leader of government of Egypt under the Pharaoh |
| caste system | social hierarchy of India |
| Indus River Valley | sophisticated people of India: planned cities, plumbing, ancient AC, great baths, peaceful etc. |
| Kshatriyas | 2nd caste |
| Brahmins | 1st caste |
| Hinduism | religion of India where souls are reborn and the goal is to achieve moksha |
| moksha | union with universal spirit...hinduism |
| dharma | duties in hinduism |
| karma | deeds in hinduism that determine the next caste |
| Indus river valley civilization | disappeared |
| Buddhism | religion in which you are trying to achieve nirvana...believes in reincarnation and one must follow the 8 fold path to achieve nirvana |
| Mauryan Empire | early indian empire, centralized |
| Ahsoka | Mauryan ruler who adopted Buddhism and spread it |
| Gupta Empire | early indian empire, not centralized, and fell to the Huns |
| Shang | 1st chinese dynasty, decentralized and feudal |
| Zhou | mandate of heaven, 2nd dynasty of China, feudal and decentralized |
| Confucianism | follow and accept your role in society to create peace and harmony and later adopted by the Han |
| time of warring states | break down after zhou |
| Daoism | go with the flow |
| Legalism | harsh punishments for violation of rules...used by the Qin |
| Shi Huangdi | Qin leader who unified and centralized China through legalism |
| Great wall of china and tomb | Shi Huangdi |
| Xiongnu | pesky nomads that the Han had to keep fighting |
| Wang Mang | Han usurper...later killed |
| Silk Road | trade route discoverd during the Han |
| ancestor veneration | respect for those who have come before you...they can communicate with the gods not you |
| Sparta | Greek city-state that was militaristic |
| Dark Ages | In Greece period of lack of learning and schoalrship |
| Athens | Greek city-state that began that was democractic |
| polis | greek city-state |
| Persian war | 490-479 BCE war between Persia and the greeks |
| Peloponnesian Wars | Greek wars (Athens vs. Sparta) 431-404 BCE |
| Thermopylae | Persian war battle -480 BCE Persia learned of a secret passage and beat the Greeks. Spartan soldiers stayed behind and died. |
| Mararthon | Persian Battle-490 BCE Persia attacked Athens, but Athens won |
| Trojan War | War between Greeks and Troy -started over Helen |
| Philp II | Macedonian king who conquered Greece |
| Alexander the Great | Macedonian king who conquered Persia all the way to northern India |
| Republic | formed 509 BCE in Rome and was a type of government where people were represented by officials |
| Patricians | rich romans |
| Punic Wars | Carthage vs. Rome over control of Mediterranean 264-146 BCE |
| Plebeians | poor or normal romans |
| 12 Tables | Roman law code |
| latifundias | giant estates created by rich in rome |
| Spartacus | slave gladiator who led a giant revolt of slaves in Rome (70 BCE) |
| Gracchus brothers | tried to reform rome and help the poor-killed |
| Triumvirate | group of 3 generals who take control of Rome |
| Chareonea | battle -King philip II of Macedonia wins control of Greece -338 BCE |
| Julius Caesar | won control of 1st triumvirate and became dictator of life of Rome -murdered 44 BCE |
| Octavian | won control of 2nd triumvirate (against mark antony) -first emperor of rome |
| Diocletian | split the roman empire into 2 sections to better rule |
| 476 | Rome fell |
| Constantine | legalized Christianity 313 and new capital (Constantinople) |
| Huns | from east and lead to fall of Rome |
| Kaaba | holiest site in Islam-first temple built to worship God/ Allah |
| Byzantine Empire | eastern part of Roman Empire became |
| Muhammad | prophet of Islam-recieved revelations in 610 |
| Justinian | great early leader of the Byzantine Empire-expanded land, Hagia Sophia, stop Nika revolt, got plague |
| Caliph | leader of Islamic state following death of Muhammad |
| Franks | Rulers of Western Europe following the fall of Rome |
| Clovis | Frankish leader who converted to Christianity 496 |
| Bubonic Plague | Justinian survived and hit the Byzantine Empire in the 500s |
| revelation of Muhammad | have to do with human behavior |
| Mecca | holy city and birth place of Muhammad |
| Cruasades | 1096-1291 fought between Christian Europe and Muslim Middle East over control of Middle East (end the end the Middle East won) |
| Sunni | Muslims who believe any good Muslim could become the political leader of the Islamic state |
| Shiite | Muslim who believe the leader of the Islamic state should be related to the prophet |
| Umayyad | first dyansty/ family who took control of the Islamic caliphate |
| Abbasid | 2nd family who took control of the Islamic caliphate |
| Charlemange | best Frankish leader-expanded the state and expanded Christianity too |
| 5 Pillars | acts or behaviors that Muslim try to accomplish in their lifetime |
