| A | B |
|---|
| What is the goal of science? | to ask and answer testable questions |
| What is the scientific method? | observe, create hypothesis, test/experiment, form a conclusion |
| What kind of models help scientists understand scientific information and concepts? | physical, conceptual, and mathematical models |
| What is a scientific theory? | a hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and has not been proven false |
| What are the fields of Earth science? | geology, meteorology, oceanography, and astronomy |
| Which is older (usually), continents or basins? | continents |
| Both continents and basins are covered by what? | landforms like mountains and flat plains |
| Constructive forces do what? | cause landforms to grow |
| Destructive forces do what? | modify or destroy landforms |
| What is an example of earth's surface changing rapidly? | a volcano blowing itself apart |
| What is an example of earth's surface changing slowly? | erosion of a stream into a canyon |
| Where does a compass neede align with? | magnetic north |
| Where does a compass needle point? | geographic north |
| What is latitude? | a position north or south of the equator |
| What is longitude? | position relative to the Prime Meridian |
| What is elevation? | height above sea level |
| What is the most accurate representation of the Earth and why? | a globe, because it is spherical like the earth |
| topographic maps are... | two-dimensional representations of the 3-d surface features of an area |
| contour lines.. | connect point of identical elevation above sea level |
| the closer the contour lines, the... what? What does it mean? | the closer the lines the steeper the elevation change |
| Topographic maps have a horizontal scale to indicate what? | horizontal distances |
| Can topographic maps be used to determine the flow of water? | Yes. Topographic maps can be used to determine the flow of water. |
| What types of maps are used by oceanographers? | bathymetric maps |
| What kind of maps are used to depict the features beneath a body of water? | bathymetric maps |
| What do geologic maps display? | rock units and geologic features |
| GPS uses what to pinpoint your location? | at least 4 satellites and radio signals |
| GIS stands for what? | Geographical Information Systems |
| What is a Mercator projection? | a projection of a map of the world onto a cylinder in such a way that all the parallels of latitude have the same length as the equator, used especially for marine charts and certain climatological maps |
| What is a conic projection? | a map projection in which an area of the earth is projected onto a cone whose vertex is usually above one of the poles, then unrolled onto a flat surface |
| What is a Gnomonic projection? | a nonconformal map projection obtained by projecting points (or ) on the surface of sphere from a sphere's center to point in a plane that is tangent to a point; it displays all great circles as straight lines |
| What is a Robinson projection? | a world map which shows the entire world at once. It was specifically created in an attempt to find a good compromise to the problem of readily showing the whole globe as a flat image |
| What is a Winkel Tripel projection? | a modified azimuthal map projection; the goal of minimizing three kinds of distortion: area, direction and distance, using mathematical algorithms |
| What is an ocean trench? | a long, narrow, deep depression in the ocean floor, typically one running parallel to a plate boundary and marking a subduction zone |
| What is an ocean basin? | any of several vast submarine regions that collectively cover nearly three-quarters of Earth’s surface. Together they contain the overwhelming majority of all water on the planet |
| What is a mid-ocean ridge? | an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics |
| What is the continental margin? | the zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust |
| What is a bathymetric map? | a topographic map for underwater features |
| What is geostationary orbit? | an orbit for a satellite that takes the same amount of time to travel around Earth as it takes Earth to rotate once; this means the satellite stays over the same location |
| What is polar orbit? | a satellite orbit that passes over polar regions, especially one whose plane contains the polar axis; it means it travels around the entire globe in less than a day |
| What is a satellite? | an artificial body placed in orbit around the earth or moon or another planet in order to collect information or for communication |
