| A | B |
|---|
| Remote Sensing | The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods. |
| Time Zones | An area that uses the same clock time earth is divided into 24 standard time zones, an |
| Sequent Occupance | The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. |
| hearth | The region from which innovative ideas originate. |
| relocation diffusion | The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another. |
| expansion diffusion | The spread of ideas, behaviors, or articles through a culture area or from one culture to neighboring areas through contact and exchange of information. |
| contagious diffusion | The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population; a form of expansion diffusion that depends on direct contact. |
| stimulus diffusion | the spread of an underlying principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected |
| hierarchical diffusion | The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places |
| distribution | arrangement of something across Earth's surface. |
| environmental determinism | The view that the physical environment controls human action, molds human behavior, and conditions cultural development |
| site | the physical character of a place |
| situation | The relative location or activity in relation to the physical and cultural characteristics of the larger regional or spatial system of which it is a part |
| possibilism | The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment |
| formal region (uniform region) | an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics |
| functional region (nodal region) | Area organized around a node or focal point |
| vernacular region (perceptual region) | Is a place that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity |
| cultural ecology | a geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships |
| culture | the body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group's distinct tradition |
| distance decay | the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its surface |
| Geographic information science (GIScience) | the development and analysis of data about earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies |
| Geographic information system (GIS) | a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | a system that determines precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers |
| globalization | actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope |
| latitude | numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator |
| location | the position of anything on Earths surface |
| absolute location | The exact position on Earth's surface using the spatial coordinates of a grid system |
| relative location | The position on Earth's surface relative to other places, features, or activities |
| longitude | The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the Prime Meridian |
| map scale | the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surfacce |
| mental map | An internal representation of a portion of Earth's surface; depicting what an individual knows about a place; containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where a place is located |
| meridian | An arc drawn between the North and South poles; a measure of Longitude |
| parallel | A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians |
| International Date Line | An arc that from the most part follows 180 º longitude, although it deviates in several place to avoid dividing land areas. Cross the line eastward, you go back a day. But, if you cross the line westward, you add a day. |
| Prime Meridian | 0 degrees Longitude and passes through Greenwich, England |
| equator | An imaginary line around the Earth forming the great circle that is equidistant from the north and south poles: 0 degrees latitude |
| cultural landscape studies or Regional studies | an approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area |
| scale | generally, the relationship between the portion of the Earth being studied and Earth as a whole |
| Space-time compression | the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems |
| Friction of distance | A measure of the retarding or restricting effect of distance of spatial interaction. |
| accessibility | The relative ease with which it a destination may be reached from other locations; the relative opportunity for spatial interaction |
| connectivity | The directness of routes linking pairs of places; an indication of the the great of internal connection in a transport network |
| distortion | A change in shape, size, or position of a place when it's shown on a map. Basically, it's when you transfer information from a curved globe to a flat map losing some accuracy |
| North and South Poles: | The points farthest north and south on the Earth along its axis |
| Thematic Map: | A map that demonstrates a particular feature or a single variable. Four types: dot, isoline, choropleth, and proportional symbol |
| statistical map | A special type of map in which the variation in quantity of a factor such as rainfall, population, or crops in a geographic area is indicated; such as a dot map. |
| Cartogram | A map that has been simplified to present a single idea in a diagrammatic way: the base is not normally true to scale |
| Dot Map | A thematic map in which a dot represents some frequency of the mapped variable |
| Choropelth Map | A thematic map in which ranked classes of some variable are depicted with shading patterns or colors for predefined zones. |
| Isoline Map: | A thematic map with lines that connect points of equal value |
| cultural landscape | the fashioning of a natural landscape by cultural group |
| abiotic | composed of nonliving or inorganic matter |
| atmosphere | the thin layer of gases surrounding |
| biosphere | all living organisms on Earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms |
| biotic | composed of living things |
| climate | the long-term average weather condition at a particular location |
| concentration | the spread of something over a given areaa |
| connection | relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space |
| conservation | the sustainable management of a natural resource |
| cultural landscape | the fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group |
| density | the frequency at which something exists within a given unit of area |
| diffusion | the process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time |
| ecology | the scientific study of ecosystems |
| ecosystem | a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact |
| Greenwich Mean Time | the time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude |
| housing bubble | a rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value |
| hydroshpere | all of the water on and near Earth's surface |
| lithosphere | Earth's crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust |
| map | a two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it |
| network | a chain of communication that connects places |
| nonrenewable resource | something produced in nature more slowly than consumed by humans |
| pattern | the geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area |
| place | a specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic |
| polder | land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area |
| preservation | the maintenance of resources in their present condition with as little human impact as possible |
| projection | a system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map |
| region | an area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features |
| renewable resource | womething that is produce in nature more rapidly than is is consumed by humans |
| resource | a substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use |
| space | the physical gap or interval between two places |
| sustainability | the use of Earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future |
| toponym | the name given to a portion of Earth's surface |
| transnational corporation (not even on the study guide, ms. lobban :( ) | a company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located |
| uneven development | the increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of economy |
