| A | B |
|---|
| An autograft is ___ taken from the patient's body. | tissue |
| ___ _____ is an abnormal pattern of conductivity in the heart. | Cardiac dysrhythmia |
| ___ ____ of the pericardium can produce a fibrotic coating over the heart that constricts the ventricles. | chronic inflammation |
| ____ ____ is a procedure in which a series of transmural channels is created with a laser to allow oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to perfuse the myocardium. | Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) |
| __ ___ ___ is commonly caused by rheumatic heart disease. | Mitral valve disease |
| An enclosed cavity in the chest containing the heart and large vessels, trachea, esophagus, and lymph nodes is the ____. | mediastinum |
| A device that produces electrical impulses that stimulate the heart muscle is a/an ____. | pacemaker |
| Fibrillation is a/an: | ineffectual quivering of the heart |
| Orthotopic transplantation involves: | replacing one heart with another |
| The _____ is not a cardiac heart valve. | coronary |
| Pulmonary valvulotomy is performed to: | release fused valve leaflets and restore circulation from the right ventricle to the lungs. |
| The goal of _______ _________ is to increase blood flow to the heart in patients with coronary disease. | transmyocardial revascularization |
| Transmyocardial revascularization: | is a procedure in which channels are made to allow oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to perfuse the myocardium. |
| Before closure of a coronary aretery bypass radiopaque material may be placed around each vein graft on the aorta. This is done to: | mark the veins in the event of future cardiac catheterization. |
| An internal device used in patients who are susceptible to ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia is a/an: | internal implantable cardiac defibrillator |
| The ventricular defibrillator leads tare inserted into the heart ________. | transvenously |
| During a pacemaker gnerator replacement procedure, just after the generator is disconnected from the pacer leads the surgeon to must: | connect the electrodes to the alligator cable to an external pacer generator. |
| A pacemaker is an implanted to provide electrical stimulation to the heart to ______ a slow heart. | increase |
| Bradycardia is a heart rate of _____. | 40-60 |
| Three approaches are used for permanent implantation. Which two do not require a thoracotomy? | transvenous and subxiphoid |
| When anastomosing an arterialGore-Tex graft into place, the surgeon will: | suture the proximal end of the into place first |
| Cardioplegia solution is used to: | stop the heart's pumping action. |
| Why would your surgeon wish to infuse cardioplegic solution into the coronary arteries during an open heart procedure? | the process protects the cardiac muscle from damage while the aorta is occluded and blood supply is interrupted. |
| The _____ are not a vascular instrument | Cushing forceps |
| Collects the patient's blood, removes excess carbon dioxide, oxygenates and warms the blood, and returns it to the patient's body. | Cardiopulmonary bypass |
| Manipulation of the heart during dissection may cause ____ ______. | ventricular fibrillation. |
| A congenital stenosis, usually occurring near the junction of the fetal ductus arteriousness and the aorta, is called: | coarctation of the thoracic aorta. |
| Surgical closure of a patent ductus arteriosus is performed to prevent: | oxygenated blood from recirculating through the lungs |
| A patent ductus arteriosus is a persistent fetal communication between the ___ and the descending thoracic aorta. | pulmonary artery |
| What conditions can be treated medically without surgery? | coarctation of the aorta |
| Following the anstomosis of a vein or an artery and before closure of the wound, hemostasis at the suture line may be maintained with a topical hemostatic agent such as: | Gelfoam soaked in thrombin |
| A thymectomy is commonly performed for _____ _____. | Myasthenia gravis |
| Whatn procedure will require the placement of a chest tube before closure? | CABG |
| _____ ____ is a weakness that allows abdominal organs to enter the thoracic cavity. | Diaphragmatic hernia |
| The surgical position of choice for a single-lung transplant is _____. | lateral |
| During a double-lung transplant, the surgeon may use bilateral, sequential technique. This technique will: | avoid the need for cardiopulmonary pass. |
| A patient might need a ____ to remove a portion of a lung in which air is trapped in emphysematous lung tissue, improving the lung's function. | lung volume reduction |
| The surgical removal of the fibrin layer covering the visceral and parietal pleura that prevents complete expansion of the lung is called: | decortication of the lung |
| The procedure that removes an entire lung to debulk (reduce the size) a malignant tumor and slow the spread of cancer is called _______. | pneumonectomy |
| ____ is not a cause of brochiectasis. | nonobstructive cancer |
| The ___ nerves are carefully preserved during pneumonectomy. | vagus, left recurrent laryngeal, and phrenic |
| During decortication of the lung, the incision is made in the ____ intercostal space. | fifth |
| Why is it important for an organ transplant to be carried out quickly and efficiently? | The donor organ has a limited period of viability. |
| What age is your surgical patient who is undergoing a patent ductus arteriousus? | newborn |
| In coarctation of the thoracic aorta, the heart becomes enlarged. This is due to: | the heart's burden of pumping blood through a stricture |
| When placing a permanent pacemaker and a right or left subclavian venotomy is preformed, the electrode is placed in the ____. | right ventricular apex |
| Which dysrhythmia is this? Heart rate over 100 beats per minute | ventricular tachycardia |
| Which dysrhythmia is this? Heart rate of 240 to 450 beats per minute. | atrial flutter |
| Which dysrhythmia is this? Chaotic, disorganized stimulation of the ventricle(s) that does not pump the blood. | ventricular fibrillation |
| Which dysrhythmia is this? Chaotic, disorganized stimulation of the atrium (atria) that prevents atrial contraction (which helps fill the ventricle with blood) | atrial fibrillation |
| Which dysrhythmia is this? Abnormally electrical impulses and heartbeat below 40 to 60 beats per minute. | bradycardia |
| Which dysrhythmia is this? The absence of a heartbeat; cardiac standstill. | asystole |
| Druing coronary artery bypass surgery, the surgeon occludes the ascending aorta and insects the indwelling catheter for infusion of ____ and venting of air. | cardioplegic solution. |
| The ____ vein is commonly used as the vein graft for a CABG procedure. | greater saphenous |
| Two classifications of aneurysms are saccular and _____. | fusiform |
| During decortication of the lung, the patient is placed in the _____ position. | posterolateral thoractomy |
| Following a wedge resecetion, the surgeon inspects the suture line carefuuly for air leaks by filling the chest cavity with ____ solution. | warm saline |
