| A | B |
|---|
| What was the significance of the Battle of Bull Run | taking place in mid-July 1861? |
| Why did both the North and South want to control Manassas Junction? | It was an important railroad junction |
| Why was Wilbur McLean’s farm famous? | It was the site of two major battles in the Civil War: Bull Run (First Manassas) and Second Bull Run |
| Which four slave states remained with the Union? | Maryland |
| List 5 reasons the North believed they could gain a quick victory over the South. | They had superior resources |
| List 2 to 3 reasons the South was optimistic about their chances. | Fighting a defensive war on their own soil |
| Winfield Scott | General who helped Lincoln devise the Anaconda Plan |
| Anaconda Plan | Union strategy to surround the South and squeeze it to death |
| Naval blockade | A line of ships stopping sea traffic in and out of Southern ports |
| Where were the three “choke” points the North needed to make the Anaconda Plan successful? | Block the South from its trade with Europe |
| U.S. Grant | Union general who led forces South along the Mississippi and took Tennessee along the way |
| Where was the Union Navy blocked in their attempt to take the Mississippi? | Vicksburg |
| What else was the North unable to accomplish with a major offensive during the summer of 1862? | Take the capital |
| Robert E. Lee | Top Confederate general |
| What two things did Lee hope to accomplish by invading Maryland? | Convince Maryland to join the Confederacy and encourage Great Britain and France to give aid to the Confederacy |
| Battle of Antietam | Where Lee’s army clashed with Union forces to be the bloodiest single day of battle in the Civil War on September 17 |
| Provide three reasons why Antietam was considered a turning point in the war. | Lee lost a quarter of his army |
| What was Lincoln’s initial goal in the Civil War? | To save the Union |
| Emancipation | Freeing the slaves |
| What three things did Lincoln hope to accomplish by calling an end to slavery? | It would link the war to a moral cause |
| Emancipation Proclamation | On January 1 |
| Battle of Vicksburg | Grant took out the Confederate stronghold after a six-week siege in 1863 |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Lee tried to invade the North in July 1863 in a 3-day battle in Pennsylvania |
| Gettysburg Address | Speech Lincoln gave concerning the test the US was enduring and that it would result in a new birth of freedom |
| Total war | Policy adopted by Grant to force a total surrender |
| What were the two “prongs” of Grant’s strategy to employ total war? | Taking out Richmond and having Sherman wage a campaign of destruction through Georgia and the Carolinas |
| William Tecumseh Sherman | Union general who waged a destructive path through the South to discourage their willingness to wage war |
| Sherman’s March to the Sea | After burning much of Atlanta |
| When did Lee finally surrender and what caused him to do this? | April 3 |
| Appomattox Court House | Village where Lee and Grant met to discuss and accept surrender terms on April 9 |
| What two problems did Union and Confederate leaders share? | They had to find ways to pay for the war and they had to shore up public support for an increasingly unpopular struggle |
| Why was it so crucial for Maryland to remain in the Union? | It surrounded Washington on three sides |
| Habeas Corpus | The right of a person to appear in court so a judge can determine whether the person in is being imprisoned lawfully |
| Why did Lincoln suspend this right? | To prevent Maryland and Delaware from seceding |
| Why was Lincoln hesitant to issue the emancipation proclamation? | He did not want to anger border states or those in the Union that did not support abolition |
| What decision about the proclamation upset the abolitionists? | It did not free slaves in states loyal to the Union |
| Military draft | 1863 law enacted to require all whie men between the ages of 20 and 45 to report for military duty |
| How did the wealthier Northerners avoid serving in the war? | They could pay $300 to buy their way out of the draft or hire someone to take their place |
| Draft riots | Riots in New York City |
| Copperheads | Wing of the Democratic Party that did not believe the cost of the war was justified nor emancipation as a worthy objective |
| What were two objections to the Confederate War Draft of 1862? | That it was a “rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight” and that it violated states’ rights |
| Why did the cotton embargo on Great Britain fail? | They had already developed other sources for cotton and had a surplus of their own |
| What two things disrupted the South’s ability to pay for goods need to fight the war? | They weren’t getting as much income from their cotton exports and the Union had enacted a naval blockade |
| By what percent did food prices rise? | 1000% |
| Bread Riot of 1863 | Women in Richmond |
| How many soldiers fought in the Civil War and how many of them died? | 3 million; 1/3 |
| List two new weapons that made the Civil War more deadly. | Rifled musket (which allowed the bullet to travel faster |
| Why did older tactics not work in the Civil War? | Soldiers were massed together for large frontal assaults and could be mowed down by snipers in defensive positions |
| Why did a lot of soldiers die in the military hospitals? | Doctors did not know how to treat many diseases |
| Why did doctors amputate so many limbs with a bone saw? | Musket balls typically shattered bones on impact |
| How was poor hygiene an issue at camps? | Soldiers often camped near open latrines and bathed in the same water from which they drank |
| What was the ratio of soldier deaths on the battlefield to those who died from unsanitary camping conditions? | 1 to two or three |
| How much time was spent hanging around camps between battles? | About 50 days |
| What were some of the pastimes soldiers used to occupy their time? | Reading |
| Abner Doubleday | The man who created baseball and served in the Union army during the Civil War |
| How did many African-Americans view the Emancipation Proclamation? | As the first step toward equal rights for blacks |
| What were two possible fates for fugitives running in to Union commanders after the war started? | Some commanders tried to return fugitives to their former owners or keep them out of Union camps; some paid them wages for noncombat work such as cooks |
| For what two reasons were freed blacks not sought out to fight for the Union during the war? | Lincoln feared the effect black troops might have on border states; there were still widely held prejudices about whether they would make good soldiers |
| General Order 143 | War Department issuing the order to organize African American troops |
| 54th Massachusetts Regiment | African American troop that stormed the Confederates at Fort Wagner |
| Freedmen | Freed slaves |
| 1st South Carolina Volunteers and 1st and 3rd Louisiana Regiments | Confederate regiments made up of freedmen |
| What were some of the ways prejudices still existed for African Americans | in spire of their efforts during the war? |
| William Walker | Black sergeant whot led a company of black soldiers to put down their weapons and refuse to pick them up until they receive equal pay; he was charged with mutiny and executed |
| What did Congress do in 1864 to try to make things more equitable? | They agreed to equalize pay and give them back pay |
| What percentage of the North and what percentage of the Union army did African Americans make up? | 1%; 10% |
| Why did many missionaries and teachers follow the Union army into the South? | To teach freed slaves to read and write |
| Clara Barton | Volunteered for the war effort |
| How did some women manage to see combat on the front lines | even though they were not allowed? |
| Why did women make good spies? | They were not suspected as quickly as men and |
| Rose Greenhow | Confederate spy in Washington |
| Elizabeth Van Lew | Union spy in Richmond who had a slave planted in Jefferson Davis’s home; she pretended to be crazy to cast off suspicion |
| How many women served as Union nurses and name three of its most famous? | Dorothea Dix |
| Who was the only woman to become an officer in the Confederate army and why? | Sally Tompkins; she opened a hospital in her home; she had lots of patients during the war |
| What types of prejudices did women face when serving? | That it was un-ladylike |
| What were at least five ways women helped hold down the homefront? | Took over family farms and businesses |
