| A | B |
|---|
| Ice Age | long period of time when there were freezing temps. |
| Mammoths | Migrating people used these for food, shelter, clothing, and tools |
| 2 Million | Beginning of last ice age |
| 10,000 | End of last ice age |
| glaciers | covered much of the land during the ice age |
| decreased | happened to the ocean depths during ice age |
| Beringia | land bridge exposed during the last Ice Age-connected Asia and North America and existed 12,000 years ago |
| hunters | First people to cross Beringia into America |
| Culture | a way of life |
| Archeologist | scientist who studies cultures of people long ago |
| early arrival theory | people arrived in the Americas more than 12,000 years ago |
| Meadowcroft Rock Shelter | Ice age campsite in PA where artifacts were found (15,000 years old). |
| Monte Verde, Chile | artifacts found from 13,000 years ago |
| late arrival theory | people arrived in the Americas about 12,000 years ago |
| origin stories | stories that tell about the world and how people fit into it |
| ancient indians | hunted giant mammals |
| Nomads | wanderers who have no settled home |
| Atlatl | spear throwers used by the earliest hunters |
| clovis points | bone or stone spear points made razor sharp by flaking them |
| agriculture | another word for farming |
| maize | most important food grown in the americas by the early farmers |
| tribe | group of many bands of people with a shared culture and land |
| farmers | did not move from place to place like nomadic hunters did |
| food surplus | allowed more time for specialized jobs like weaving, trading, hunting, etc. |
| Olmecs | mother of civilization of the Americas |
| priests | governed the Olmecs |
| temples | sometimes built on the tops of the pyramids |
| cultural diffusion | meeting other people and exchanging ideas because of trading |
| Mound builders | tribes that built large mounds or hills |
| Adena | earliest of the mound builders |
| Serpent Mound | looks like a snake and built by Adenas in present-day Ohio |
| Mississippians | greatest mound building civilization |
| Cahokia | capital city of the Mississippians |
| Anasazi | name means "ancient people" and lived in pueblo houses |
| Pueblo | group of houses made of adobe |
| adobe | mixture of sand and straw used to make bricks |
| religion | very important part of life for the Anasazi |
| kiva | special underground room used in religious ceremonies |
| drought | Anasazi civilization may have ended because of this |
