| A | B |
|---|
| Central Nervous System | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System | Cranial nerves, spinal nerves and peripheral nerves |
| Neuron | Nerve cell |
| Dendrites | Carry impulses TOWARD the cell body |
| Axons | Carry impulses AWAY from cell body |
| Myelin Sheath | Protective covering of the axon and speeds up impulse transmission |
| Sensory Neuron | Carries messages or impulses toward the spinal cord and brain |
| Motor Neuron | Carries messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles or glands |
| Interneurons | where impulses go from sensory neurons to motor neurons |
| Neuroglia | "nerve glue" that insulates, protects and supports the neuron |
| Synapse | Space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another |
| Meninges | 3 layered covering (Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater) of the brain and spinal cord. |
| Cerebral Cortex | Found in the cerebrum and is the center for reasoning and intellect |
| Blood- Brain Barrier | permeability of capillaries in brain does not allow certain drugs to penetrate brain tissue |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid | Fluid produced by the ventricles of the brain |
| Lumbar Puncture | Removal of CSF for diagnostic testing |
| Fissures | Deep furrows in cerebrum |
| Sulci | Shallows furrows in cerebrum |
| Diencephalon | Includes Thalmus and Hypothalmus |
| Thalmus | Relays impulses to cerebral cortex |
| Hypothalmus | found in the diencephalon and is responsible for many bodily functions |
| Cerebellum | Controls all body functions related to skeletal muscles |
| Brain Stem | Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongota |
| Pons | Part of the brain stem that conducts impulses from cerebrum to cerebellum and center for respiration control |
| Medulla Oblongota | Found at the base of brain stem; Controls heart rate, regulates blood pressure, and enter for swallowing and vomiting |
| Spinal Cord | Conduction pathway to and from the brain and the reflex center |
| Cerebrum | Largest part of the brain and contains center of intellect and reasoning |
| Meningitis | Inflammation of the meninges |
| Epilepsy | Uncontrolled electrical activity in the neurons of the brain |
| Cerebral Palsy | Disturbance in voluntary muscular action from brain damage at birth |
| Poliomyelitis | paralysis caused by disease of the nerve pathways of the spinal cord |
| Hydrocephalus | Increases volume of cerebrospinal fluid in brain |
| Parkinson's Disease | Thought to be caused by decrease in neurotransmitter dopamine |
| Multiple Sclerosis | Disease caused by destruction of myelin sheath |
| West Nile Virus | Mosquito born virus |
| Dementia | Loss in at least two areas of complex behavior |
| Alzheimer's Disease | Progressive condition caused by degeneration of of nerve cells |
| Hematoma | Localized mass of blood |
| Quadriplegia | A loss of movement and feeling in the trunk and both legs |
| Paraplegia | A loss of movement in the trunk |
| Spastic quadriplegia | spastic paralysis of all 4 extremities |
