| A | B |
|---|
| Emma Lazarus | poet whose inscription is on the Statue of Liberty |
| push factors | problems that cause people to move |
| pull factors | attractions that draw people to another place |
| arable land | land suitable for growing crops |
| pogroms | organized anti-Jewish attacks |
| America Letters | communication from immigrants to friends and family in Europe |
| steerage | the open area below the main deck |
| Ellis Island Immigration Station | port of entry for most European immigrants arriving in New York |
| deportation | forced return to a person's home country |
| contract laborers | workers who agreed to work before arriving in the U.S. |
| Polish National Alliance | relief agency for Polish immigrants |
| Sons of Italy in America | relief agency for Italian immigrants |
| immigrant aid society | ethnic organizatinos that provided food and money to immigrants |
| settlement house | community center that provided services to the poor |
| political bosses | political leaders who ran city politics |
| Americanization | assimilating immigrants to American life |
| nativism | policy favoring the interests of Americans over those of immigrants |
| Immigrations Restriction League | organization that worked to require that all immigrants pass a literacy test |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | legislation that prohibited Chinese immigration for 10 years |
| Angel Island Immigration Station | immigration processing center near San Francisco where most Asians arrived in the U.S. |
| French Canadians | French speaking Catholics mosty from Quebec who settled around New England and the Great Lakes |
