| A | B |
|---|
| dysuria | painful, burning sensation with urination |
| Signs and symptoms of Pyelonephritis | Fevr and Flank pain |
| Lab test that evaluate Kidney function | BUN and Creatitine |
| What can a nurse do to help the patient decrease renal calculi | increase fluid intake to at least 3000 ml of fluid a day. |
| cystoscopy potienal complication | dysuria |
| Renin | raises blood pressure and volume |
| Urolithiasis | kidney stones |
| -Describe some age related changes in the renal/genitourinary system: | Decreased GFR (< nephrons), Nocturia, < bladder capacity, urine retention r/t BPH, weak sphincters/ pelvic muscles, > UTI |
| List 4 nephrotic drugs/ substances: | ASA, NSAID’s, Aminoglycosides, Contrast dye, Lithium, Chemo--methotrexate |
| List the hormonal functions of the kidneys. | A. Renin production B. Erythropoietin production C. Vitamin D activation |
| The release of ------------------ by the kidney stimulates the production of red blood cells. | erythropoietin |
| digital rectal exam (DRE) | reveals an enlarged and asymmetrical prostate gland. the primary care provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to palpate the posterior surface of the prostate gland. This allows estimation of the size, shape, and consistency of the gland (firm but soft is normal; hard indicates BPH) |
| Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) | levels may be somewhat higher than normal in BPH |
| BPH | Nocturia (early symptom) a Diminished force of urinary stream a Hesitancy in starting voiding a Dribbling after voiding a Incomplete bladder emptying a Frequency,urgency a Urge incontinence a Dysuria,hematuria |
| lpha1 blockers such as terazosin (Hytrin), doxazosin (Cardura), and tamsulosin (Flomax) | relax smooth muscle in the prostate, the urethra, and the bladder neck |
| Transurethral incision of the prostate | (TUIP) |
| Transurethral resection of the prostate | (TURP) |
| PC of TURP | relatively low-risk procedure with few complications. After surgery, retrograde ejaculation (dis- charge of seminal fluid into the bladder instead of through the urethra) is common. Fluid volume excess with hypona- tremia, also known as transurethral syndrome, |
| leading cause of chronic kidney disease and ESRD in the United States, | Diabetes |
| Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) | allows more gradual fluid and solute removal than hemodialysis. May be used for clients whose condition is unstable. Blood is continuously circulated (artery to vein or vein to vein) and filtered, allowing excess water and solutes to drain into a collection device |
| radical cystectomy | the bladder and adjacent muscles and tissues are removed. In men, the prostate and seminal vessels are also removed, resulting in impotence. |
| Urolithiasis | development of stones within the urinary tract) |
| Risk factors for kidney stones | Risk factors for kidney stones include personal or family history of uri- nary stones; dehydration; excess calcium, oxalate, or pro- tein intake; gout; hyperparathyroidism; or urinary stasis |
| Plasma exchange therapy (plasmapheresis) | removes harmful antibodies in the plasma by passing the blood through a blood cell separator and reinfusing the red blood cells (RBCs) with an equal amount of albumin or plasma. It may be used to treat acute glomerulonephritis. |
| Diet Management for acute glomerulonephritis | Sodium intake may be restricted. Dietary proteins may be increased when protein is being lost in the urine. However, if azotemia is present, dietary protein is restricted. Clients with nephrotic syndrome are placed on a low-sodium diet, often with a moderate protein restriction. When proteins are restricted, those included should be complete proteins such as meat, fish, eggs, soy, or poultry. These proteins supply all the essential amino acids required for growth and tissue maintenance. |
| KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder) | may be done to evaluate the size, shape, and position of organs in the urinary tract. |
| Collecting a Midstream Clean-Catch Urine Specimen | Clean the genital and perineal area with soap and water. Use each antiseptic towelette one time as follows: Female clients:Cleanse front to back. Male clients: Use a circular motion to clean the meatus.If uncircumcised,retract the foreskin before cleaning. Start urine flow,then place the container into urine stream to collect the specimen. Tightly cap the container,and,if necessary,rinse and dry the outside. |
